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MySQL命令
- 显示所有已有数据库
show databases;
- 显示所有字符集
show character set;
- 切换数据库
use school;
- 显示当前数据库中的所有表
show tables;
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创建二维表
int = integer , var = varchar , date:日期,time:时间 primary key(添加主键约束)
create table tb_student ( stu_id int not null comment '学号', stu_name varchar(10) not null comment '姓名', stu_sex boolean default 1 comment '性别', stu_birth date comment '生日', primary key (stu_id) )engine=innodb comment '学生表';
- 查看表结构
desc tb_student;
- 删除二维表
drop table tb_student; drop table if exists tb_student;
- 修改二维表
1.添加一个列 alter table tb_student add column stu_addr varchar(100) default''; alter table tb_student add column stu_tel varchar(11) default''; 2.删除一个列 alter table tb_student drop column stu_tel; 3.修改一个列 alter table tb_student change column stu_sex stu_gender boolean default 1; alter table tb_student modify column stu_sex char(1) default 'M'; 4.修改约束条件 alter table tb_student add constraint primary key(stu_id); 5.修改表的名字 alter table tb_student rename to ...;
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数据类型
- 整型:integer(int)/tinyint/smallint/bigint
4 1 2 8
-231~231-1
int unsigned(无符号整数)
0~2^32-1 - 小数:decimal(10,2) 十位有效数(小数点后位数加小数点后位数)保留到小数点后两位
- 日期:date/time/datetime/timestamp(时间戳)
- 文本:varchar/char
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SQL - Structured Query Language
~ DDL - Data Definition Language - create / drop / alter
eg:
- 创建数据库并指定默认字符集, MySQL8 默认的字符集就是utf8mb4
create database school default character set utf8mb4;
- 删除数据库
drop database if exists school;
drop database school;(没有这个库会报错)