SpringBoot入门指南--官网教程

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-02 22:58:07 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-02 22:58:07 发布

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分类专栏： SpringBoot 文章标签： java spring spring boot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43755954/article/details/104789134

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START開始文件的下載
计划任务
Pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>scheduling-tasks</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>scheduling-tasks</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.awaitility</groupId>
			<artifactId>awaitility</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.2</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

该awaitility库的更高版本对该测试不起作用，因此您必须指定版本3.1.2。

src/main/java/com/example/schedulingtasks/ScheduledTasks.java）

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2015 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *	  https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.schedulingtasks;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ScheduledTasks {

	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScheduledTasks.class);

	private static final SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");

	@Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
	public void reportCurrentTime() {
		log.info("The time is now {}", dateFormat.format(new Date()));
	}
}

本示例使用fixedRate，它指定方法调用之间的间隔，从每次调用的开始时间开始计算。还有其他选项，例如fixedDelay，它指定从任务完成开始测量的两次调用之间的间隔。您还可以使用@Scheduled(cron=". . .")表达式进行更复杂的任务调度。

src/main/java/com/example/schedulingtasks/SchedulingTasksApplication.java

package com.example.schedulingtasks;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class SchedulingTasksApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SchedulingTasksApplication.class);
	}
}

@SpringBootApplication 是一个方便注释，它添加了以下所有内容：
@Configuration：将类标记为应用程序上下文的Bean定义的源。
@EnableAutoConfiguration：告诉Spring Boot根据类路径设置，其他bean和各种属性设置开始添加bean。例如，如果spring-webmvc在类路径上，则此注释将应用程序标记为Web应用程序并激活关键行为，例如设置DispatcherServlet。
@ComponentScan：告诉Spring在包中寻找其他组件，配置和服务com/example，让它找到控制器。
该main()方法使用Spring Boot的SpringApplication.run()方法来启动应用程序。您是否注意到没有一行XML？也没有web.xml文件。该Web应用程序是100％纯Java，因此您无需处理任何管道或基础结构。
该@EnableScheduling注释确保后台任务执行被创建。没有它，什么都无法安排。

构建RESTful Web服务

本指南将引导您完成使用Spring创建“ Hello，World” RESTful Web服务的过程。

您将在构建一个将接受HTTP GET请求的服务http://localhost:8080/greeting。
它将以问候语的JSON表示形式进行响应，如以下清单所示：
{“id”:1,“content”:“Hello, World!”}
您可以name在查询字符串中使用可选参数来自定义问候语，如以下清单所示：
http://localhost:8080/greeting?name=User
的name参数值将覆盖的默认值World，并反映在响应时，如下面的列表显示：
{“id”:1,“content”:“Hello, User!”}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>rest-service</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>rest-service</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

src/main/java/com/example/restservice/Greeting.java

package com.example.restservice;

public class Greeting {

	private final long id;
	private final String content;

	public Greeting(long id, String content) {
		this.id = id;
		this.content = content;
	}

	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}
}

src/main/java/com/example/restservice/GreetingController.java

package com.example.restservice;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class GreetingController {

	private static final String template = "Hello, %s!";
	private final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();

	@GetMapping("/greeting")
	public Greeting greeting(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "World") String name) {
		return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(), String.format(template, name));
	}
}

@SpringBootApplication 是一个方便注释，它添加了以下所有内容：

@Configuration：将类标记为应用程序上下文的Bean定义的源。

@EnableAutoConfiguration：告诉Spring Boot根据类路径设置，其他bean和各种属性设置开始添加bean。例如，如果spring-webmvc在类路径上，则此注释将应用程序标记为Web应用程序并激活关键行为，例如设置DispatcherServlet。

@ComponentScan：告诉Spring在包中寻找其他组件，配置和服务com/example，让它找到控制器。

该main()方法使用Spring Boot的SpringApplication.run()方法来启动应用程序。您是否注意到没有一行XML？也没有web.xml文件。该Web应用程序是100％纯Java，因此您无需处理任何管道或基础结构

Spring @RestController注释，该注释将类标记为控制器，其中每个方法均返回域对象而不是视图。这是同时包含@Controller和的简写@ResponseBody。

消费RESTful Web服务

本指南将引导您完成创建使用RESTful Web服务的应用程序的过程。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>consuming-rest</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>consuming-rest</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Quote.java

package com.example.consumingrest;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Quote {

  private String type;
  private Value value;

  public Quote() {
  }

  public String getType() {
    return type;
  }

  public void setType(String type) {
    this.type = type;
  }

  public Value getValue() {
    return value;
  }

  public void setValue(Value value) {
    this.value = value;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Quote{" +
        "type='" + type + '\'' +
        ", value=" + value +
        '}';
  }
}

src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Value.java

package com.example.consumingrest;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Value {

  private Long id;
  private String quote;

  public Value() {
  }

  public Long getId() {
    return this.id;
  }

  public String getQuote() {
    return this.quote;
  }

  public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public void setQuote(String quote) {
    this.quote = quote;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Value{" +
        "id=" + id +
        ", quote='" + quote + '\'' +
        '}';
  }
}

src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java

package com.example.consumingrest;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumingRestApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ConsumingRestApplication.class, args);
	}

}

src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java

package com.example.consumingrest;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumingRestApplication {

	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumingRestApplication.class);

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ConsumingRestApplication.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
		return builder.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public CommandLineRunner run(RestTemplate restTemplate) throws Exception {
		return args -> {
			Quote quote = restTemplate.getForObject(
					"https://gturnquist-quoters.cfapps.io/api/random", Quote.class);
			log.info(quote.toString());
		};
	}
}