变量的解构赋值
解构赋值是快速从数组中获取成员,变量的解构赋值有数组的解构赋值、对象的解构赋值、字符串的解构赋值、布尔值的解构赋值、函数参数的解构赋值等等,下面一一来解释说明:
- 数组的解构赋值:将数组的每个元素赋给变量(有顺序),也可以数组里面在嵌套数组
var [a,b,c] = [1,2,3]
console.log(a) //1
console.log(b) //2
console.log(c) //3
var [a,[b,d],c] = [1,[2,6],3]
console.log(a) //1
console.log(b) //2
console.log(d) //6
console.log(c) //3
var [a,[b,d],c] = [1,[2],3]
console.log(a) //1
console.log(b) //2
console.log(d) //undefined,这里的d并没有对他进行赋值所以是undefined
console.log(c) //3
var [a,[b],c] = [1,[2,3],3]
console.log(a) //1
console.log(b) //2
console.log(c) //3
var [a=5,c] =[undefined,6]
console.log(a) //5 注意,ES6 内部使用严格相等运算符(===),判断一个位置是否有值。所以,只有当一个数组成员严格等于undefined,默认值才会生效。
console.log(c) //6
var [x,y=x] = [1]
console.log(x) //1
console.log(y) //1
var [x=y,y=1] = []
console.log(x) //undefined 在将y的值赋值给x的时候,y是没有值的
console.log(y) //1
- 对象的解构赋值:对象的解构与数组有一个重要的不同。数组的元素是按次序排列的,变量的取值由它的位置决定;而对象的属性没有次序,变量必须与属性同名,才能取到正确的值。
var {name,age} = {"age":18,"name":"Jack"}
console.log(name) //Jack
console.log(age) //18
var {name,age} = {"age":18}
console.log(name) //undefined
console.log(age) //18
var {name:{sex},age} = {name:{"sex":"男"},"age":18}
console.log(sex) //男
console.log(age) //18
var {name="Jack",age} = {"age":18}
console.log(name) //Jack
console.log(age) //18
- 字符串的解构赋值:字符串也可以解构赋值。这是因为此时,字符串被转换成了一个类似数组的对象。
var [a,b] = 'hi'
console.log(a) //h
console.log(b) //i
var {length:len} = 'hi'
console.log(len) //2
- 数值和布尔值的解构赋值:解构赋值时,如果等号右边是数值和布尔值,则会先转为对象。
let { toString: s } = 123;
console.log(s === Number.prototype.toString) //true
let { toString: s } = false;
console.log(s === Boolean.prototype.toString) //true
- 函数参数的解构赋值:
function text({a,b}={a:10,b:20}){
console.log(a) //15
console.log(b) //25
}
text({a:15,b:25})
function text({a,b}={a:10,b:20}){
console.log(a) //10
console.log(b) //20
}
text()