string.h头文件中的字符串函数

strlen()函数

• strlen()函数用于统计字符串的长度。

strcat（） 与 strncat（） 函数

• strcat() 与 strncat()都用于拼接字符串
• 但strcat() 不能检测第一个数组是否能够容纳第二个数组
• strcat 与 strncat的具体实例

strcmp()

• strcmp函数是比较两个字符串的大小,返回比较的结果。
• strcmp的用法

strcpy() 与 strncpy()函数

• 字符串的拷贝

/* copy1.c -- strcpy() demo */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>  // declares strcpy()
#define SIZE 40
#define LIM 5
char * s_gets(char * st, int n);

int main(void)
{
    char qwords[LIM][SIZE];
    char temp[SIZE];
    int i = 0;
    
    printf("Enter %d words beginning with q:\n", LIM);
    while (i < LIM && s_gets(temp, SIZE))
    {
        if (temp[0] != 'q')
            printf("%s doesn't begin with q!\n", temp);
        else
        {
            strcpy(qwords[i], temp);
            i++;
        }
    }
    puts("Here are the words accepted:");
    for (i = 0; i < LIM; i++)
        puts(qwords[i]);
    
    return 0;
}

char * s_gets(char * st, int n)
{
    char * ret_val;
    int i = 0;
    
    ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
    if (ret_val)
    {
        while (st[i] != '\n' && st[i] != '\0')
            i++;
        if (st[i] == '\n')
            st[i] = '\0';
        else // must have words[i] == '\0'
            while (getchar() != '\n')
                continue;
    }
    return ret_val;
}

/* copy2.c -- strcpy() demo */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>    // declares strcpy()
#define WORDS  "beast"
#define SIZE 40

int main(void)
{
    const char * orig = WORDS;
    char copy[SIZE] = "Be the best that you can be.";
    char * ps;
    
    puts(orig);
    puts(copy);
    ps = strcpy(copy + 7, orig);
    puts(copy);
    puts(ps);
    
    return 0;
}

/* copy3.c -- strncpy() demo */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>  /* declares strncpy() */
#define SIZE 40
#define TARGSIZE 7
#define LIM 5
char * s_gets(char * st, int n);

int main(void)
{
    char qwords[LIM][TARGSIZE];
    char temp[SIZE];
    int i = 0;
    
    printf("Enter %d words beginning with q:\n", LIM);
    while (i < LIM && s_gets(temp, SIZE))
    {
        if (temp[0] != 'q')
            printf("%s doesn't begin with q!\n", temp);
        else
        {
            strncpy(qwords[i], temp, TARGSIZE - 1);
            qwords[i][TARGSIZE - 1] = '\0';
            i++;
        }
    }
    puts("Here are the words accepted:");
    for (i = 0; i < LIM; i++)
        puts(qwords[i]);
    
    return 0;
}

char * s_gets(char * st, int n)
{
    char * ret_val;
    int i = 0;
    
    ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
    if (ret_val)
    {
        while (st[i] != '\n' && st[i] != '\0')
            i++;
        if (st[i] == '\n')
            st[i] = '\0';
        else // must have words[i] == '\0'
            while (getchar() != '\n')
                continue;
    }
    return ret_val;
}