第5章 循环（程序清单）

程序清单

5-1 RepeatAdditionQuiz.java from page 138

代码完成任务：两位数相加的答案，循环直到用户输入正确为止

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int number1 = (int)(Math.random() * 10);
        int number2 = (int)(Math.random() * 10);

        //0 create a Scanner
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        //1 create the expression
        System.out.print(
                "what is " + number1 + " + " + number2 + " ? ");
        int answer = input.nextInt();
        
        //2 test the answer
        while (number1 + number2 != answer) {
            System.out.print("wrong answer.try again.what is "+ number1 + " + "+number2+" ? ");
            answer = input.nextInt(); //input answer again
        }
        System.out.println("you got it");
    }
}

 5-2 & 5-3 GuessNumberOneTime.java from page 140、141

代码完成任务：产生0-100的随机数，用户猜测并给出提示

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //0 generate a random number to be guessed
        int number = (int)(Math.random() * 101); //use 101

        //1 create a Scanner and initiate
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("guess a magic number between 0 and 100 "); //title

        //2 guess the number
        int guess = -1; //assume 

        //3 test
        while(guess != number) {
            System.out.println("enter your guess:");
            guess = input.nextInt(); // input again then use if loop to test 

        if (guess == number)
            System.out.println("yes,the number is " + number);
        else if (guess > number)
            System.out.println("your guess is too high");
        else
                System.out.println("your guess is too low");
        }
    }
}

5-4 SubtractionQuizLoop.java from page 142

代码完成任务：产生5道题目，报告正确个数，显示测试所花费时间，列出所有题目及回答情况。

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //0 initiate some constants and viarables,create a Scanner

        final int NUMER_OF_QUESTIONS =5; //number of questions
        int correctCount = 0; //count the number of correct answers
        int count = 0; //count the number of questions
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String output = " "; //output string is initially empty
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        while (count < NUMER_OF_QUESTIONS) {

            //1 generate 2 random single-digit integers
            int number1 = (int) (Math.random() * 10);
            int number2 = (int) (Math.random() * 10);

            //2 if number1 < number2,swap them
            if (number1 < number2) {
                number1 = number1 ^ number2;
                number2 = number1 ^ number2;
                number1 = number1 ^ number2; // a=a+b/use the third party get same result 
            }

            //3 answer (number1 -number2)
            System.out.println("what is " + number1 + " - " + number2 + " is ?");
            int answer = input.nextInt();

            // 4 grade the answer and display the result
            if (answer == (number1 - number2)) {
                System.out.println("correct,the answer is " + (number1 - number2));
                correctCount++; //increase the correct count
            } 
            else {
                System.out.println(",the answer is not" + answer);
            }
            count++; //increase the count for ending the loop

            //5 fill in the string output
            output += "\n" + number1 + number2 + "=" + answer + 
                ((number1 - number2 == answer) ? "correct" : "wrong");
        }

        //6 comput the time
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long testTime = startTime - endTime;
        System.out.println("correct count is" + correctCount 
            + "\ntest time is" + testTime / 1000 + "seconds\n" + output);
    }
}

5-5 sentinelValue.java from page 144

代码完成任务：读取并计算不定整数之和，并用0结束循环。

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {

       //0 create a Scanner
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        //1 read an initial data
        System.out.println("enter a integer:");
        int data = input.nextInt();

        //2 keep reading until the input is 0
        int sum = 0;
        while (data != 0){
            sum+=data;
            System.out.println("enter the next integer:");
            data = input.nextInt(); //do not forget this input expression !
        }

        //3 display the result
        System.out.println("the sum is " + sum);
    }
}

5-6 TestDoWhile.java from page 147

代码完成任务：改变5-5的while结构

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       //0 create a Scanner
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        //1 read an initial data
        System.out.println("enter a integer:");
        int data = input.nextInt();
        //2 keep reading until the input is 0
        int sum = 0;
        do{
            sum+=data;
            System.out.println("enter the next integer:");
            data = input.nextInt(); //do not forget this input expression !
        }while (data != 0);
        //3 display the result
        System.out.println("the sum is " + sum);
    }
}

5-7 MultiplicationTable.java from page 153

代码完成任务：嵌套循环for打印乘法表。

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //0 diaplay the heading
        System.out.println("             Multiplication Table");

        //1 diaplay the number title
        System.out.print("   "); //3 blanks
        for(int j = 1 ; j <= 9 ; j++){
            System.out.print("   " + j); // 3 blanks
        }
        System.out.println("\n---------------------------------");

        //2 display the table body
        for (int i = 1; i <= 9;i++){ // start the column
            System.out.print(i + "| "); // create the lines' names, and do not new a line here
            for (int j = 1;j <= 9;j++){

                //3 display and align
                System.out.printf("%4d", i * j);
            }
            System.out.println(); //newline
        }
    }
}

5-8  TestSum.java from page 155

代码完成任务：改变浮点数计算顺序，如何提高精度，结论为先加较小数再加较大数是减小误差的一种方法

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      //0 initiate sum
        double sum = 0;
        double sum1 = 0;
        double sum2 =0;
        //1 add 0.01,0.02...1 to sum
        for (double i = 0.01;i <= 1.0 ; i += 0.01){
            sum += i;
        } //the last i cannot be added to sum

        //2 add 0.01...1.0 to sum by using the integer count
        double countValue = 0.01;
        for (double count = 0;count < 100;count++){
            sum1 += countValue;
            countValue += 0.01;
        }

        //3 add 0.01...1.0 to sum by using the integer count
        double countValue1 = 1.0;
        for (double count = 0;count < 100;count++){
            sum2 += countValue1;
            countValue1 -= 0.01;
        }

        //4 display the result
        System.out.println("the sum using float count is " + sum);
        System.out.println("the sum using integer count is " + sum1);
        System.out.print("the sum using integer count & inverted oredr is " + sum2);
    }
}

运行结果如下：

 5-9 GreatestCommonDivisor.java from page 157（示例学习）

 代码完成任务：选出最大公约数

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      //0 create a Scanner
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        //1 enter 2 integers
        int number1 = input.nextInt();
        int number2 = input.nextInt();

        //2 pick out the gcd using loop
        int gcd = 1;
        int possibleGcd = 2;
        while (possibleGcd <= number1 && possibleGcd <= number2 ){
            if (number1 % possibleGcd == 0 && number2 % possibleGcd == 0)
                gcd = possibleGcd;
            possibleGcd++;
        }
        //3 display
        System.out.println("the gcd is " + gcd);
    }
}

5-10 FutureTuition.java from page 158（示例学习）

代码完成任务：循环结构下，指定金额的学费，按一定比率增加，多少年后学费翻倍。

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      //0 initialize
        double tuition = 10000;
        int year = 0;
        //1 loop
        while (tuition < 20000) {
            tuition = tuition * 1.07;
            year ++;
        }
        //2 display
        System.out.println("tuition will be doubled in " + year +" years.");
        System.out.printf("tuition will be $ % .2f in %1d years",tuition,year);
    }
}

5-11 Dec2Hex.java from page 159（示例学习）

代码完成任务：将10进制转换成16进制

import java.util.*;
public class demo{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //0 create a Scanner
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        // 1 enter a decimal integer
        System.out.println("enter a decimal integer:");
        int decimal = input.nextInt();

        //2 convert hex to dec
        String hex = "";
        while (decimal != 0) {
            int hexValue = decimal % 16;

            //3 convert a decimal value to hex digit
            char hexDigit = (0 <= hexValue && hexValue <= 9)?
                    (char)(hexValue+'0'):(char)(hexValue-10+'A'); 
            hex = hexDigit + hex;
            decimal = decimal / 16;
        }
        //4 display
        System.out.println("the hex number is " + hex);
    }
}

5-12 TestBreak.java from page161

代码完成任务：测试break的作用

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int sum = 0;
        int number = 0;

        while (number < 20) {
            number++;
            sum += number;
            if (sum >= 100) {
                break; // condition is satified ,jump whole loop
            }
        }
        System.out.println("the number is " + number); //14
        System.out.println("the sum is " + sum); //105
    }
}

5-13 TestContinue.java from page 161

代码完成任务：测试continue的作用

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int sum = 0;
        int number = 0;

        while (number < 20) {
            number++;
            if (number == 10 || number == 11)
                continue; //jump out of the "if" structure
                sum += number;
        }
        System.out.println("the number is " + number);//189
        System.out.println("the sum is " + sum); //20
    }
}

5-14 Palindrome.java from page 163（示例学习）

代码完成任务：判断一个字符串是否是回文

import java.util.Scanner;
public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 0 create a Scanner
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        // 1 enter a string
        System.out.println("plz enetr a string:");
        String s = input.nextLine();

        //2  the index of the first character in the string
        int low =0;
        // 3 the index of the last character in the string
        int high = s.length()-1;
        //4 assume the string is palindrome
        boolean isPalinfrome = true;

        //5 judge
        while (low < high){
            if (s.charAt(low) != s.charAt(high)){
                isPalinfrome = false;
                break;
            }
            low++;
            high--;
        }
        //6 display
        if (isPalinfrome){
            System.out.println(s + " is a palindrome");
        }
        else{
            System.out.println(s + " is not a palindrome");
        }
    }
}

5-15 PrimeNumber.java from page 165（示例学习）

代码完成任务：判断是否是素数，统计素数个数并打印前50个素数，每行10个

import java.util.Scanner;
public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //0 initiate
        final int NUMBER_OF_PRIMES = 50;// number of primes to display
        final int NUMBER_OF_PRIMES_PER_LINE = 10;//display 10 per line
        int count = 0;//count the number of prime numbers
        int number = 2;//a number to be tested for primeness

        System.out.println("the first 50 prime numbers are \n");

        //1 repeatedly find prime numbers
        while (count < NUMBER_OF_PRIMES) {
            // assume the number is prime
            boolean isPrime = true;

            //2 test whether number is prime
            for (int divisor = 2; divisor <= number / 2; divisor++) {
                if (number % divisor == 0) { //if true , number is not prime
                    isPrime = false; //set isPrime to false
                    break; //exit the for loop
                }
            }
             //3 display the prime number and increase the count
            if (isPrime) {
                count++;

                if (count % NUMBER_OF_PRIMES_PER_LINE == 0) {
                    System.out.println(number);
                } else {
                    System.out.print(number + " ");
                }
            }

                //4 check if the next number is prime
                number++;
        }
    }
}