工厂方法和抽象工厂

工厂方法

首先看一下为什么需要工厂方法：

class ISplitter{
public:
    virtual void split()=0;
    virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};

class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter{
    
};

class TxtSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class PictureSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class VideoSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class MainForm : public Form
{
	TextBox* txtFilePath;
	TextBox* txtFileNumber;
	ProgressBar* progressBar;

public:
	void Button1_Click(){
		ISplitter * splitter=
            new BinarySplitter();//依赖具体类
        splitter->split();

	}
};

上面的代码还是来实现文件分割器的，txtFilePath代表文件路径，txtFileNumber代表要分给文件的数量，分割器splitter依赖于具体的实现类BinarySplitter，这种依赖是编译时依赖，我们解除这种依赖关系，看下面的改造。

//抽象类
class ISplitter{
public:
    virtual void split()=0;
    virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};


//工厂基类
class SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter()=0;
    virtual ~SplitterFactory(){}
};

//具体类
class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter{
    
};

class TxtSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class PictureSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class VideoSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

//具体工厂
class BinarySplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new BinarySplitter();
    }
};

class TxtSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new TxtSplitter();
    }
};

class PictureSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new PictureSplitter();
    }
};

class VideoSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new VideoSplitter();
    }
};

class MainForm : public Form
{
    SplitterFactory*  factory;//工厂

public:
    
    MainForm(SplitterFactory*  factory){
        this->factory=factory;
    }
    
	void Button1_Click(){

        
		ISplitter * splitter=
            factory->CreateSplitter(); //多态new
        
        splitter->split();

	}
};

上面的代码可以看出现在分割器的产生就没有依赖某个具体的类，而是依赖于一个抽象的工厂类，通过运行时多态的方式来
产生不同的对象。避免了编译时的依赖某个具体的类，也提高了程序的扩展性。

抽象工厂

class EmployeeDAO{
    
public:
    vector<EmployeeDO> GetEmployees(){
        SqlConnection* connection =
            new SqlConnection();
        connection->ConnectionString = "...";

        SqlCommand* command =
            new SqlCommand();
        command->CommandText="...";
        command->SetConnection(connection);

        SqlDataReader* reader = command->ExecuteReader();
        while (reader->Read()){

        }

    }
};

上面的代码是常用的连接数据库的相关代码，假设现在我们要支持多种数据库的访问。看下的代码是否满足需求。

//数据库访问有关的基类
class IDBConnection{
    
};
class IDBConnectionFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBConnection* CreateDBConnection()=0;
};


class IDBCommand{
    
};
class IDBCommandFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBCommand* CreateDBCommand()=0;
};


class IDataReader{
    
};
class IDataReaderFactory{
public:
    virtual IDataReader* CreateDataReader()=0;
};


//支持SQL Server
class SqlConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};
class SqlConnectionFactory:public IDBConnectionFactory{
    
};


class SqlCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};
class SqlCommandFactory:public IDBCommandFactory{
    
};


class SqlDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};
class SqlDataReaderFactory:public IDataReaderFactory{
    
};

//支持Oracle
class OracleConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};

class OracleCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};

class OracleDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};



class EmployeeDAO{
    IDBConnectionFactory* dbConnectionFactory;
    IDBCommandFactory* dbCommandFactory;
    IDataReaderFactory* dataReaderFactory;
    
    
public:
    vector<EmployeeDO> GetEmployees(){
        IDBConnection* connection =
            dbConnectionFactory->CreateDBConnection();
        connection->ConnectionString("...");

        IDBCommand* command =
            dbCommandFactory->CreateDBCommand();
        command->CommandText("...");
        command->SetConnection(connection); //关联性

        IDBDataReader* reader = command->ExecuteReader(); //关联性
        while (reader->Read()){

        }

    }
};

这里在使用之前肯定是要先初始化dbConnectionFactory，dbCommandFactory，dataReaderFactory这三个指针，看着好像是没有问题，但是不同数据库的Connection，Command，Reader是绑定在一起的，不同数据库的是不能混用的，所以还是有一点小缺陷。

//数据库访问有关的基类
class IDBConnection{
    
};

class IDBCommand{
    
};

class IDataReader{
    
};


class IDBFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBConnection* CreateDBConnection()=0;
    virtual IDBCommand* CreateDBCommand()=0;
    virtual IDataReader* CreateDataReader()=0;
    
};


//支持SQL Server
class SqlConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};
class SqlCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};
class SqlDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};


class SqlDBFactory:public IDBFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBConnection* CreateDBConnection()=0;
    virtual IDBCommand* CreateDBCommand()=0;
    virtual IDataReader* CreateDataReader()=0;
 
};

//支持Oracle
class OracleConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};

class OracleCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};

class OracleDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};



class EmployeeDAO{
    IDBFactory* dbFactory;
    
public:
    vector<EmployeeDO> GetEmployees(){
        IDBConnection* connection =
            dbFactory->CreateDBConnection();
        connection->ConnectionString("...");

        IDBCommand* command =
            dbFactory->CreateDBCommand();
        command->CommandText("...");
        command->SetConnection(connection); //关联性

        IDBDataReader* reader = command->ExecuteReader(); //关联性
        while (reader->Read()){

        }

    }
};

上面一段代码就很好的解决这个问题看，对具体的工厂类再进行一次抽象，就可以解决工厂类之间存在相互联系的问题。