SSM框架整合

一、SSM框架

SSM框架是什么？Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis!!!
学习顺序：MyBatis——>Spring——>SpringMVC
MyBatis：是一个持久层框架，内部封装了jdbc，我们作为开发者仅需关注开发需要的sql语句，不需要去处理加载驱动、创建连接、创建statement等繁杂的过程，使用了ORM思想实现结果集的封装。
Spring：Spring是一个开源的免费的、轻量级的、费入侵式的框架，它的主要思想是控制反转（IOC）和面向切面编程（AOP），支持对事务的处理和支持对框架的整合。
SpringMVC：是一个高效的、轻量级的、基于请求响应的MVC框架，以请求为驱动，围绕着一个中心Servlet分派请求及提供其他功能，DispatcherServlet是一个是一个实际的Servlet。

二、框架整合

项目整体架构


数据库表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
CREATE TABLE `books`  (
  `bookID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
  `bookName` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
  `bookCounts` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
  `detail` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
  INDEX `bookID`(`bookID`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 6 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of books
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `books` VALUES (1, 'Java', 1, '从入门到放弃');
INSERT INTO `books` VALUES (2, 'MySQL', 10, '从删库到跑路');
INSERT INTO `books` VALUES (3, 'Linux', 5, '从进门到进牢');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

三、MyBatis层

1、导入依赖

        <!--数据库驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.20</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--MyBatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.5</version>
        </dependency>

2、处理静态资源
防止导入静态资源时出现静态资源找不到的错误

<!--在build中配置resources，来防止为我们资源导出失败的问题
-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

3、database.properties
连接数据库配置文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

4、MyBatis配置文件mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
</configuration>

5、创建实体类（Books）对应数据库表

package com.ssm.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * @Author mxf
 * @Date 2020/11/7 15:51
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Description 与数据库表对应的实体类
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
    private int bookID;
    private String bookName;
    private int bookCounts;
    private String detail;
}
//这里使用了lombok插件生成get()和set()以及toString()和有参和无参构造方法

导入lombok需要的jar包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
        </dependency>

6、dao层
BookMapper接口

package com.ssm.dao;

import com.ssm.pojo.Books;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author mxf
 * @Date 2020/11/7 15:57
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Description 针对Books类的操作
 */

public interface BookMapper {

    //增加一本书
    int addBook(Books books);

    //删除一本书
    int deleteBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);

    //更新一本书
    int updateBook(Books books);

    //查询一本书
    Books queryBookById(@Param("bookID")int id);

    //查询所有书
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}

BookMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.ssm.dao.BookMapper">

    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
        insert into ssmbuild.books (bookName,bookCounts,detail) values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail});
    </insert>

    <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
        delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID}
    </delete>

    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
        update ssmbuild.books set bookName=#{bookName},bookCounts=#{bookCounts},detail=#{detail} where bookID=#{bookID};
    </update>

    <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID};
    </select>

    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books;
    </select>

</mapper>

在mybatis配置文件中配置相应的mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
	<!--设置实体类别名，方便操作-->
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="com.ssm.pojo.Books" alias="Books"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <!--导入xml文件-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/ssm/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

7、service层
BookService接口

package com.ssm.service;

import com.ssm.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author mxf
 * @Date 2020/11/7 16:51
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Description 业务层处理业务
 */

public interface BookService {
    //增加一本书
    int addBook(Books books);

    //删除一本书
    int deleteBookById(int id);

    //更新一本书
    int updateBook(Books books);

    //查询一本书
    Books queryBookById(int id);

    //查询所有书
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}

BookServiceImpl实现BookService

package com.ssm.service;

import com.ssm.dao.BookMapper;
import com.ssm.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author mxf
 * @Date 2020/11/7 16:52
 * @Version 1.0
 * @Description BookServiceImpl实现BookService
 */

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{

	//引入BookMapper对象进行实际操作
    private BookMapper bookMapper;
    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public int addBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int updateBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }
}

到这里MyBatis层已经部署完成

四、Spring层

导入相关jar包

<!--Spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

dao层相关xml文档配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--关联数据库配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>

    <!--
        连接池：
            dbcp：半自动化，不能自动连接
            c3p0：自动化操作（自动化的加载配置文件，并且可以自动设置到对象中）
            druid
            hikari
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <!--c3p0连接池的私有属性-->
        <!--最大连接数30-->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30" />
        <!--初始化连接数10-->
        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="10"/>
        <!--最小连接数10-->
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10" />
        <!--关闭连接后不自动commit-->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        <!--获取连接超时时间-->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
        <!--当获取连接失败重试次数-->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>

    <!--创建sqlSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!--绑定数据源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--绑定mybatis配置文件-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置dao接口扫描包，动态实现了Dao接口可以注入到Spring容器中-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!--注入sqlSessionFactory-->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!--要扫描的包-->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.ssm.dao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

service层相关xml文档配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--扫描service下的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ssm.service"/>

    <!--将所有的业务类，注入到Spring-->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.ssm.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!--声明式事务配置-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!--注入数据源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

到这里我们就可以使用junit进行一些测试，查看我们的代码是否有问题，要记得导入junit的jar包

        <!--junit单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

五、SpringMVC层

导入相关jar包

<!--Servlet JSP-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

配置spring-mvc.xml文件

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

	<!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效，由IOC容器统一管理-->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.annotation"/>
	<!--让SpringMVC不处理静态资源 例如 .css .js .mp3 .jpg 文件-->
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

	<!--
	    支持mvc注解驱动
	        在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
	        要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
	        必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
	        和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
	        这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理
	        而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入
	-->
	<mvc:annotation-driven/>

	<!--视图解析器-->
	<bean 	class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 	id="internalResourceViewResolver">
	    <!-- 前缀-->
	    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
	    <!-- 后缀-->
	    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

创建一个applicationContext.xml文件整合其他xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>

</beans>

这里提醒一下，到这里要用到的jar包已经导入完毕，如果你是先建立一个Maven项目，后添加web支持的，那要记住在项目架构中找到该项目的WEB-INF包创建一个lib文件夹并把所有的jar包添加进去，否则会报jar包找不到的错误。

六、功能实现

1、查询所有书籍信息

在Controller包下创建BookController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
    //controller层调用service层
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
    private BookService bookService;
    //查询全部的书籍，并且返回到一个书籍展示页面
    @RequestMapping("/allBook")
    public String list(Model model){
        List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("list",list);
        return "allBook";
    }
 }

为了让首页不至于那么丑，我们就稍微写一个好看点的链接来进入查看书籍页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>首页</title>
    <style>
        h3{
            width: 180px;
            height: 38px;
            margin: 100px auto;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 38px;
            background: cadetblue;
            border-radius: 5px;
        }
        a{
            text-decoration: none;
            color: black;
            font-size: 18px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">进入书籍页面</a>
</h3>
</body>
</html>

从写的java代码中我们可以看到，查询书籍要跳转到一个allBook.jsp页面，所以我们要写一个allBook.jsp页面

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>书籍展示</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <%--清除浮动--%>
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <%--把页面分成12等份--%>
        <div class="col-md-12 colum">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>书籍列表 —————— 显示所有书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>书籍编号</th>
                    <th>书籍名称</th>
                    <th>书籍数量</th>
                    <th>书籍详情</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                <c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${book.bookID}</td>
                        <td>${book.bookName}</td>
                        <td>${book.bookCounts}</td>
                        <td>${book.detail}</td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

到这里我们可以运行查看所有书籍的查询结果界面
2、添加书籍信息

BookController.java

//跳转到添加书籍页面
    @RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
    public String toAddPaper(){
        return "addBook";
    }
    //添加书籍请求处理
    @RequestMapping("/addBook")
    public String addBook(Books books){
        bookService.addBook(books);
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

在所有书籍信息页面添加可以跳转到添加书籍信息的链接，这里我直接把删除和修改书籍的链接也写上了

 <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                    <thead>
                        <tr>
                            <th>书籍编号</th>
                            <th>书籍名称</th>
                            <th>书籍数量</th>
                            <th>书籍详情</th>
                            <th>操作</th>
                        </tr>
                    </thead>
                    <tbody>
                        <c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
                            <tr>
                                <td>${book.bookID}</td>
                                <td>${book.bookName}</td>
                                <td>${book.bookCounts}</td>
                                <td>${book.detail}</td>
                                <td>
                                    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">添加</a>
                                    &nbsp; | &nbsp;
                                    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdate?id=${book.bookID}">修改</a>
                                    &nbsp; | &nbsp;
                                    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/deletePaper/${book.bookID}">删除</a>
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                        </c:forEach>
                    </tbody>
                </table>

添加书籍信息的页面addBook.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>添加书籍</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="col-md-12 colum">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <h1>
                        <small>请在下方添加书籍信息</small>
                    </h1>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post">
            <div class="form-group">
                <label>书籍名称：</label>
                    <%--这里的name属性要与实体类中的属性名称对应，否则会报空指针异常错误--%>
                <input type="text" name="bookName" class="form-control" required>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label>书籍数量：</label>
                <input type="text" name="bookCounts" class="form-control" required>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label>书籍描述：</label>
                <input type="text" name="detail" class="form-control" required>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <button type="submit" class="form-control" value="添加">添加</button>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

运行结果
3、修改书籍

BookController.java

 //跳转到修改书籍页面
    @RequestMapping("/toUpdate")
    public String toUpdatePaper(int id, Model model){
        Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id);
        model.addAttribute("QBook",books);
        return "updateBook";
    }
    //修改书籍操作
    @RequestMapping("/updateBook")
    public String updateBook(Books books){
        int i = bookService.updateBook(books);
        //修改完信息重定向到所有书籍信息页面
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

修改书籍页面updateBook.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>修改书籍</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 colum">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>请在下方修改书籍信息</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post">

        <%--这里注意修改操作是需要根据id进行的，所以前端也要获取bookID，我们让它隐藏起来--%>
        <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${QBook.bookID}">

        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍名称：</label>
            <%--这里的name属性要与实体类中的属性名称对应，否则会报空指针异常错误--%>
            <input type="text" name="bookName" class="form-control" required value="${QBook.bookName}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍数量：</label>
            <%--直接从前端获取数据然后进行修改--%>
            <input type="text" name="bookCounts" class="form-control" required value="${QBook.bookCounts}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>书籍描述：</label>
            <input type="text" name="detail" class="form-control" required value="${QBook.detail}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <button type="submit" class="form-control" value="修改">修改</button>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

4、删除书籍

BookController.java

    //删除书籍操作
    @RequestMapping("/deletePaper/{id}")
    public String deletePaper(@PathVariable int id){
        bookService.deleteBookById(id);
        //删除以后重定向到所有书籍信息页面
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

七、总结

到这里，SSM整合实现基础增删改查的功能已经实现了，如果你有需要源码在下方。
网盘链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qalLvgJCFnnEwS2WnOP64Q
提取码：6qcj