牛客数据库题目（1~10）

牛客数据库题目

查找最晚入职员工的所有信息，为了减轻入门难度，目前所有的数据里员工入职的日期都不是同一天(sqlite里面的注释为–,mysql为comment)

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,  -- '员工编号'
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

写法一:
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY hire_date DESC LIMIT 0,1;
order by 根据某一信息排序
DESC 反转
LIMIT 0,1 从第0行开始，往后选一行

写法二:
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE hire_date = (SELECT MAX(hire_date) FROM employees);
直接查找日期等于最晚入职的人
只针对于这道题，如果有多个人最晚入职时间相同，则都会输出

注：代码应该没问题，不知道为啥没过，可能评测机有写问题

查找入职员工时间排名倒数第三的员工所有信息，为了减轻入门难度，目前所有的数据里员工入职的日期都不是同一天

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY hire_date DESC limit 2, 1;

查找各个部门当前(dept_manager.to_date=‘9999-01-01’)领导当前(salaries.to_date=‘9999-01-01’)薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no

(注:输出结果以salaries.emp_no升序排序，并且请注意输出结果里面dept_no列是最后一列)

CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL, -- '员工编号',
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL, -- '部门编号'
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL, --  '员工编号'
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));

SELECT a.*, b.dept_no FROM 
    salaries AS a JOIN dept_manager AS b ON a.emp_no = b.emp_no
    WHERE a.to_date = '9999-01-01' AND b.to_date = '9999-01-01'
    ORDER BY a.emp_no;
数据库联合查询
	join .. on 联合两个表

查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name以及dept_no(请注意输出描述里各个列的前后顺序)

CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

SELECT b.last_name, b.first_name, a.dept_no FROM
    dept_emp AS a JOIN employees AS b ON a.emp_no = b.emp_no;

查找各个部门当前(dept_manager.to_date=‘9999-01-01’)领导当前(salaries.to_date=‘9999-01-01’)薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no

(注:输出结果以salaries.emp_no升序排序，并且请注意输出结果里面dept_no列是最后一列)

CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL, -- '员工编号',
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL, -- '部门编号'
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL, --  '员工编号'
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));

select b.last_name, b.first_name, a.dept_no from dept_emp as a right join employees as b on
    a.emp_no = b.emp_no;
右连接：读取右边数据表的全部数据，即便左边表无对应数

查找所有员工入职时候的薪水情况，给出emp_no以及salary， 并按照emp_no进行逆序(请注意，一个员工可能有多次涨薪的情况)

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select a.emp_no, b.salary from employees as a, salaries as b
    where a.emp_no = b.emp_no and a.hire_date = b.from_date
    order by a.emp_no desc;

查找薪水变动超过15次的员工号emp_no以及其对应的变动次数t

CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select emp_no, count(emp_no) as t from salaries group by emp_no having t > 15; 

分组查询

找出所有员工当前(to_date=‘9999-01-01’)具体的薪水salary情况，对于相同的薪水只显示一次,并按照逆序显示

CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select distinct salary from salaries where to_date = '9999-01-01'
    order by salary desc;

distinct	去重

获取所有部门当前(dept_manager.to_date=‘9999-01-01’)manager的当前(salaries.to_date=‘9999-01-01’)薪水情况，给出dept_no, emp_no以及salary，输出结果按照dept_no升序排列(请注意，同一个人可能有多条薪水情况记录)

CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

select a.dept_no, a.emp_no, b.salary  from dept_manager as a join salaries as b
    on a.emp_no = b.emp_no
    where a.to_date = '9999-01-01' and b.to_date = '9999-01-01'
    order by a.dept_no;

获取所有非manager的员工emp_no

CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

select emp_no from employees where emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager);

也可以用左连接加NULL