TensorFlow解决分类问题+示例+命令解释

shape:

对于输入x.shape= [样本数，单个样本的特征长度（打平或不打平）]。

对于输出y.shape=[样本数，输出数]。

import  os
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL']='2'
import  tensorflow as tf
from    tensorflow import keras
from    tensorflow.keras import layers, optimizers, datasets
# 前一个tuple为训练集，后一个tuple为测试集。x为图片数据，y为类型数据。
(x, y), (x_val, y_val) = datasets.mnist.load_data()     # 加载数据集
x = tf.convert_to_tensor(x, dtype=tf.float32) / 255.    # 转换成张量，并归一化
y = tf.convert_to_tensor(y, dtype=tf.int32)     # 转换为张量
y = tf.one_hot(y, depth=10)     # one-hot编码(对应位置为1，其它位置为0)
print(x.shape, y.shape)
train_dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x, y))      # 构建数据集对象
print(train_dataset)
train_dataset = train_dataset.batch(200)        # 批量训练
print(train_dataset)

model = keras.Sequential([ 
    layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'),
    layers.Dense(256, activation='relu'),
    layers.Dense(10)])

optimizer = optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=0.001)

def train_epoch(epoch):

    # Step4.loop
    for step, (x, y) in enumerate(train_dataset):


        with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
            # [b, 28, 28] => [b, 784]
            x = tf.reshape(x, (-1, 28*28))  # 铺平
            # Step1. compute output
            # [b, 784] => [b, 10]
            out = model(x)
            # Step2. compute loss
            loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(out - y)) / x.shape[0]
            #print(x.shape) = (200,784)
        # Step3. optimize and update w1, w2, w3, b1, b2, b3
        grads = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables)
        # w' = w - lr * grad
        optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_variables))

        if step % 100 == 0:
            print(epoch, step, 'loss:', loss.numpy())
def train():

    for epoch in range(5):

        train_epoch(epoch)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    train()