C++深入学习笔记—基础篇—栈类

参考《C++语言程序设计（第4版）第9章 群体类和群体数据的组织 例9-8 栈类 例9-9 栈的应用——一个简单的整数计数器》

Stack.h

#pragma once
#include <cassert>

//模板的定义，SIZE为栈的大小
template<class T,int SIZE=50>
class Stack {
private:
	T list[SIZE];   //数组，用于存放栈的元素
	int top;        //栈顶位置（数组下标）
public:
	Stack();        //构造函数，初始化栈
	void push(const T& item); //将元素item压入栈
	T pop();        //将栈顶元素弹出栈
	void clear();   //将栈清空
	const T& peek() const; //访问栈顶元素
	bool isEmpty() const;  //测试是否栈空
	bool isFull() const;  //测试是否栈满
};

//模板的实现
template<class T,int SIZE>
Stack<T,SIZE>::Stack():top(-1){ }  //构造函数，栈顶初始化为-1

template<class T, int SIZE>
void Stack<T, SIZE>::push(const T& item) {
	assert(!isFull());
	list[++top] = item;
}

template<class T, int SIZE>
T Stack<T, SIZE>::pop() {
	assert(!isEmpty());
	return list[top--];
}

template<class T, int SIZE>
const T& Stack<T, SIZE>::peek() const {
	assert(!isEmpty());
	return list[top];
}

template<class T, int SIZE>
bool Stack<T, SIZE>::isEmpty() const {
	return top == -1;
}

template<class T, int SIZE>
bool Stack<T, SIZE>::isFull() const {
	return top == SIZE - 1;
}

template<class T, int SIZE>
void Stack<T, SIZE>::clear() {
	top = -1;
}

Calculator.h

#pragma once
#include "Stack.h"

class Calculator {
private:
	Stack<double>s;  //操作数栈
	void enter(double num); //将操作数num压入栈
	//连续将两个操作数弹出栈，放在opnd1和opnd2中
	bool getTwoOperands(double& opnd1, double& opnd2);
	void compute(char op); //执行由操作符op指定的运算
public:
	void run();   //运行计算器程序
	void clear(); //清空操作数栈
};

Calculator.cpp

#include "Calculator.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

void Calculator::enter(double num) {
	s.push(num);
}

bool Calculator::getTwoOperands(double& opnd1, double& opnd2) {
	if (s.isEmpty()) {
		cout << "Missing operand!" << endl;
		return false;
	}
	opnd1 = s.pop();   //将右操作数弹出栈
	if (s.isEmpty()) {
		cout << "Missing operand!" << endl;
		return false;
	}
	opnd2 = s.pop();   //将左操作数弹出栈
	return true; 
}

void Calculator::compute(char op) {
	double operand1, operand2;
	bool result = getTwoOperands(operand1, operand2);

	if (result) {
		switch (op)
		{
		case '+':
			s.push(operand2 + operand1);
			break;
		case '-':
			s.push(operand2 - operand1);
			break;
		case '*':
			s.push(operand2 * operand1);
			break;
		case '/':
			if (operand1 == 0) {
				cout << "Divided by 0!" << endl;
				s.clear();
			}
			else
				s.push(operand2 / operand1);
			break;
		case '^':
			s.push(pow(operand2, operand1));
			break;
		default:
			cerr << "Unrecognized operator!" << endl;
			break;
		}
		cout << "=" << s.peek() << " ";
	}
	else
		s.clear();
}

//工具函数，用于将字符串转换为实数
inline double stringToDouble(const string& str) {
	istringstream stream(str);
	double result;
	stream >> result;
	return result;
}

void Calculator::run() {
	string str;
	while (cin >> str, str != "q") {
		switch (str[0])
		{
		case 'c':
			s.clear();
			break;
		case '-':
			if (str.size() > 1)
				enter(stringToDouble(str));
			else
				compute(str[0]);
			break;
		case '+':
		case '*':
		case '/':
		case '^':
			compute(str[0]);
			break;
		default:
			enter(stringToDouble(str));
			break;
		}
	}
}

void Calculator::clear() {
	s.clear();
}