注解和反射

注解和反射

---

注解

什么是注解

内置注解

package com.lwx.annotation;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 内置注解
 * 什么是注解
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-16 14:15
 **/
public class Test01 extends Object{
    //@Override 重写的注释
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString();
    }
    @Deprecated
    public static void test(){
        System.out.println("Deprecated");
    }
    //@SuppressWarnings 镇压注解，镇压警告
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    public void test02(){
         List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test();
    }
}

元注解

package com.lwx.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 创建一个元注解
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-16 14:49
 **/
public class Test02 {
    @MyAnnotation
    public void test(){}
}

//定义注解
//Target 决定注解使用的地方 ElementType为enum枚举类型：TYPE FIELD METHOD..
@Target(value = ElementType.METHOD)
//Retention 注解生效的范围 RUNTIME运行时>CLASS 编译后 >SOURCE 源码
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented表示是否将注解生成再JAVAdoc中
@Documented
//Inherited子类继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation {
    
}

自定义注解

package com.lwx.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 自定义注解
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-16 15:03
 **/
public class Test03 {
    //注解可以显示赋值，如果没有默认值，我们就必须给注解赋值
    @MyAnnotation01(name = "刘闻旭")
    public void test01(){}
    @MyAnnotation02("旭霸霸")
    public void test02(){}
}
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation01{
    //注解参数的格式：参数类型+参数名()
    String name() default "";
    int age() default 21;
    int id() default -1;//如果默认值为-1，表示不存在。类试indexof()
    String[] school() default {"宁波财经学院","数字技术与工程学院"};
}
@Target(value=ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(value=RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface  MyAnnotation02{
    String value();//只有一个成员参数用value
}

反射

静态 动态语言

反射机制研究及应用

反射的优缺点

反射相关API

package com.lwx.reflection;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 初步了解反射
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 12:43
 **/
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.Test01");
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.Test01");
        Class c3 = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.Test01");
        System.out.println(c1);
        //一个类的内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类加载后，类的整个结构都会被封装在class对象中
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
    }
}

//创建实体类 pojo entity
class User {
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private int id;
    public int wid;

    public User(String userName, String password, int id) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.password = password;
        this.id = id;
    }
    public User(){}
    private void Test(){}

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                '}';
    }
}

Class类

Class类常用方法

获得Class类的实例

package com.lwx.reflection;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: class常用方法
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 12:58
 **/
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person = new Student();//向上转型
        System.out.println(person.getName());
        //获取class实例
        //通过类名.class获得
        Class<Student> c1 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c1);
        //通过实例对象获得
        Class c2 = person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c2);
        //通过forName(路径)获得
        Class c3 = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.Teacher");//抛出异常
        System.out.println(c3);
        //内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class<Integer> c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4);
        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);

    }
}
class Person{
    private String name;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class Student extends Person{
    public Student(){
        this.setName("学生");
    }
}
class  Teacher extends Person{
    public Teacher(){
        this.setName("老师");
    }
}
运行结果：
学生
class com.lwx.reflection.Student
class com.lwx.reflection.Student
class com.lwx.reflection.Teacher
int
class com.lwx.reflection.Person

package com.lwx.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 那些类型有class对象
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 14:11
 **/
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;//类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
        Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
        Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
        Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
        Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;//void
        Class c9 = Class.class;//Class

        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);

        //只要元素类和维度一样，就是同一哥class
        int[] a = new int[10];
        int[] b = new int[100];
        System.out.println(a.hashCode());
        System.out.println(b.hashCode());
    }
}

运行结果：
interface java.lang.Override
class java.lang.annotation.ElementType
class java.lang.Integer
void
class java.lang.Class
356573597
1735600054

Java内存分析

类的加载过程

类加载器

package com.lwx.reflection;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 类加载顺序
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 14:34
 **/
public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        System.out.println(A.m);
        /**
         * 1.加载到内存，会创建一个class对象
         * 2.链接，结束后m=0
         * 3.初始化(合并赋值语句和静态代码)
         * <clinit>(){
         *     int m = 300;
         *     int m = 100;
         * }
         * m=100;
         *
         *     </>
         * */
    }
}
class A{
    static {
        System.out.println("A类的静态代码块启动");
        int m = 300;
    }
    static int m = 100;

    public A() {
        System.out.println("A类的无参构造方法启动");
    }
}
运行结果：
A类的静态代码块启动
A类的无参构造方法启动
100

package com.lwx.reflection;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 分析类初始化
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 14:49
 **/
public class Test05 {
    static {
        System.out.println("Main方法加载");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //主动引用
        //new一个对象
        //Son son = new Son();
        //反射
        //Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.Son");
        //不产生类的引用的方法
        //System.out.println(Son.b);//子类引用父类的静态变量，子类不会加载
        //Son[] array = new Son[5];//通过数组定义类引用
        System.out.println(Son.M);//引用常量
    }
}

class Father {
    static int b = 2;

    static {
        System.out.println("父类被加载");
    }
}

class Son extends Father {
    static {
        System.out.println("子类被加载");
        m = 300;
    }

    static int m = 100;
    static final int M = 1;
}
运行结果：
Main方法加载
1

类加载器的作用

package com.lwx.reflection;

import sun.management.resources.agent;
import sun.tools.jar.resources.jar;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 类加载器
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 15:33
 **/
public class Test06 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //获取系统类的加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
        //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器--》扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);
        //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器--》根加载器
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);
        //测试当前类是那个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.Test06").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);
        //测试jdk内置类加载器
        ClassLoader classLoader1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader1);
        //如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));

        /**双亲委派机制：多重检测，保证安全性。检测是否命名重复
        双亲委派机制，的确是防止同名包、类与 jdk 中的相冲突，实际上加载类的时候，先通知 appLoader，看 appLoader 是否已经
        缓存，没有的话，appLoader 又委派给他的父类加载器(extLoader)询问，看他是不是能已经缓存加载,没有的话，extLoader
        又委派他的父类加载器(bootstrapLoader)询问，BootstrapLoader看是不是自己已缓存或者能加载的，有就加载，没有再返回
        extLoader，extLoader 能加载就加载，不能的话再返回给 appLoader 加载，再返回的路中，谁能加载，加载的同时也加缓存
        当某个类加载器需要加载某个.class文件时，它首先把这个任务委托给他的上级类加载器，递归这个操作，如果上级的类加载器没有加载，自己才会去加载这个类。

         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jce.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\resources.jar;
         * D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\rt.jar;
         * D:\idea_work\JavaBase\注解和反射\out\production\注解和反射;
         * E:\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar
         * */
    }
}
运行结果：
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@1540e19d
null
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
null
D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\jdk\jdk1.8.0_162\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\idea_work\JavaBase\注解和反射\out\production\注解和反射;E:\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar

小结

Class对象用途

package com.lwx.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 获取类运行时结构
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 19:05
 **/
public class Test07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        //通过反射获取User对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.User");
        //获取类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());//获取包名+类名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获取类名
        //获取类的属性
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性(包括父类)
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println("正常：" + field);
        }
        fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//本类全部属性
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println("getFields：" + field);
        }
        //获指定属性的值
        System.out.println("===============");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//只能找到public属性(包括父类)
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("正常的：" + method);
        }
        methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//本类全部属性
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods：" + method);
        }

        //获取指定方法
        //重载可能同名，所以要指明参数类型
        Method getUserName = c1.getMethod("setUserName", String.class);
        Method getId = c1.getMethod("setId", int.class);
        System.out.println(getUserName);
        System.out.println(getId);

        //获得指定的构造器
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();//只能找到public属性(包括父类)
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println("正常：" + constructor);
        }
        constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();//本类全部属性
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors:" + constructor);
        }
        //获得指定的构造方法
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, String.class, int.class);
        System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructor:" + declaredConstructor);

    }
}
运行结果：
public void com.lwx.reflection.User.setUserName(java.lang.String)
public void com.lwx.reflection.User.setId(int)
正常：public com.lwx.reflection.User(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int)
正常：public com.lwx.reflection.User()
getDeclaredConstructors:public com.lwx.reflection.User(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int)
getDeclaredConstructors:public com.lwx.reflection.User()
getDeclaredConstructor:public com.lwx.reflection.User(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int)

调用指定的方法

package com.lwx.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 动态创建对象和执行方法
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 19:56
 **/
public class Test08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.User");
        //构造对象
        //User user = (User) c1.newInstance();
        //System.out.println(user);

        //通过构造器创建对象
        //Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, String.class, int.class);
        //User user2 = (User) declaredConstructor.newInstance("二哈", "123", 1);
        //System.out.println(user);

        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Method setUserName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setUserName", String.class);
        //invoke:激活
        //(对象，"方法的值")
        setUserName.invoke(user3,"二哈");
        System.out.println(user3.getUserName());//二哈
        //通过反射操作属性
        User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field userName = c1.getDeclaredField("userName");
        //启用和禁用安全检测开关
        userName.setAccessible(true);//不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或方法setAccessible(true)
        //(对象，"方法的值")
        userName.set(user4,"二哈00");
        System.out.println(user4.getUserName());
    }
}
运行结果：
二哈
二哈00

反射操作泛型

package com.lwx.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 获取泛型信息
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-17 20:51
 **/
public class Test10 {
    public void myTest01(Map<String, User> map, List<User> list) {
        System.out.println("myTest01");
    }

    public Map<String, User> myTest02() {
        System.out.println("myTest02");
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Method myTest01 = Test10.class.getDeclaredMethod("myTest01", Map.class, List.class);
        Type[] genericParameterTypes = myTest01.getGenericParameterTypes();
        for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
            System.out.println(genericParameterType);
            if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                    System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
                }
            }
        }
        Method myTest02 = Test10.class.getDeclaredMethod("myTest02", null);
        Type genericParameterTypes1 = myTest02.getGenericReturnType();
        if (genericParameterTypes1 instanceof ParameterizedType) {
            Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterTypes1).getActualTypeArguments();
            for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
            }
        }
    }
}
运行结果：
java.util.Map<java.lang.String, com.lwx.reflection.User>
class java.lang.String
class com.lwx.reflection.User
java.util.List<com.lwx.reflection.User>
class com.lwx.reflection.User
class java.lang.String
class com.lwx.reflection.User

反射操作注解

• getAnnotations
• getAnnotation

package com.lwx.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * @program: 注解和反射
 * @description: 反射操作注解
 * @author: codelwx
 * @create: 2021-01-18 13:09
 **/
public class Test11 {
    //通过反射获取注解
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lwx.reflection.Student01");
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }
        //获取注解的value值
        MyAnnotation myAnnotation = (MyAnnotation) c1.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation.class);
        String value = myAnnotation.value();
        System.out.println(value);
        //获得类指定的注解
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        MyField annotation = name.getAnnotation(MyField.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());
    }
}

//创建注解(类型注解)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation {
    String value();
}

//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyField {
    String columnName();

    String type();

    int length();
}

@MyAnnotation("db_student")
class Student01 {
    @MyField(columnName = "db_id", type = "int", length = 10)
    private int id;
    @MyField(columnName = "db_age", type = "int", length = 10)
    private int age;
    @MyField(columnName = "db_name", type = "String", length = 20)
    private String name;

    public Student01() {
    }

    public Student01(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
运行结果：
@com.lwx.reflection.MyAnnotation(value=db_student)
db_student
db_name
String
20