在IDEA中配置使用Servlet

在IDEA中配置使用Servlet

狂神说Java

1、Servlet简介

  • Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
  • sun公司在这些API中提供一个接口叫做:Servlet,如果你想开发一个Servlet程序,只需两个步骤:
    • 编写一个类,实现Servlet接口
    • 把开发好的java类部署到web服务器中

把实现了Servlet接口的java程序叫做,Servlet

2、HelloServlet

Servlet接口sun公司有两个默认实现类:HttpServlet,

1.构建一个普通的Maven项目,删掉里面的src目录,就在这个项目里面建立Module。

这个空的工程就是Maven主工程;pom.xml中可以添加servlet、jsp依赖

2.关于Maven父子工程的理解:

父项目中会有:

<modules>
    <module>servlet-01</module>
</modules>

子项目中会有:

<parent>
    <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.xpccccc</groupId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>

3.编写一个Servlet程序

​ 1.编写一个普通类

​ 2.实现Servlet类,我们直接继承HttpServlet类

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入doGet方法");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();//响应流
        writer.print("Hello,Servlet!");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

5.编写Servlet映射

​ 为什么需要编写映射:我们写的是Java程序但是需要通过浏览器进行访问,而浏览器需要连接web服务器,所以我们需要在web服务中注册我们写的Servlet,还需给他一个浏览器能访问的路径

<!--注册Servlet-->
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

6.配置Tomcat

​ 注意配置项目发布的路径就可以了(Tomcat 10可能访问不到500,可以使用Tomcat 9)

7.启动测试

出现以下则成功

3、Mapping问题

  1. 一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径

    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
  2. 一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径

    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
  3. 一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径

    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
  4. 默认请求路径

    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
  5. 指定一些后缀或前缀等等

    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.xupeng</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    

    可以自定义后缀实现请求路径

    注意:*前面不能加项目映射的路径(/hello/hsdbgcjhsd.xupeng 错误)

  6. 优先级问题

    指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高,如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求

    <!--404-->
    <servlet>
      <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
      <!--走默认路径-->
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    

4、ServletContext

Web容器在启动的时候,他会为每个web程序创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,他代表了当前的web应用;

4.1、共享数据

我们在这个Servlet中保存的数据,可以在另一个Servlet中拿到

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Hello");
        //this.getServletContext()  Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username="徐鹏";

        context.setAttribute("username",username);//(类似键值对)
    }
}

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String)servletContext.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4.2、获取初始化参数

@Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
  </context-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4.3、请求转发

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04");
    context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);//请求转发
}

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    doGet(req, resp);
}
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4.4、读取资源文件

Properties

  • 在java目录下新建properties
  • 在resource目录下新建properties

发现:都被打包到同一个路径下:classes,我们俗称这个路径为classpath

思路:需要一个文件流

username=root
password=123445
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/xpccccc/servlet/aa.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String usr = prop.getProperty("username");
        String psd = prop.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(usr+":"+psd);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5、HttpServletResponse

5.1、下载文件

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>down</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>down</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1、获取下载文件的路径
        System.out.println("进入FileServlet");
        String realPath = "/Users/xupeng/Documents/JavaWeb/javaweb-02-servlet/response/src/main/resources/截屏2022-03-01 上午10.25.07.png" ;
        System.out.println("下载的路径为:"+realPath);
        //2、下载的文件名是是啥
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3、设置想办法让浏览器支持下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8"));
        //4、获取下载文件的缓输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(fileName);

        System.out.println("haha");
        //5、创建缓冲期
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //6、获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7、将FileInputStream写入到buffer
        while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
        //8、使用OutputStream将缓冲区数据写到客户端
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5.2、Response验证码实现

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/image</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       //如何让浏览器每2秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","2");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        //设置图片背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.blue);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");

        //网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    //生产随机数
    public String makeNum(){
        Random r = new Random();
        String num=r.nextInt(9999999)+"";//生成7位数验证码
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length(); i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        num=sb.toString()+num;
        return num;
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5.3、实现重定向

一个web资源收到客户端的请求后,他会通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源,这个过程叫重定向

常见场景:

  • 用户登录

    @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            /*
            resp.setHeader("Location","/r1/image");
            resp.setStatus(302);
            * */
            resp.sendRedirect("/r1/image");//重定向
        }
    

重定向和转发的区别

相同点:页面都会跳转

不同点:

  • 请求转发时候,url不发生变化
  • 重定向时候,url发生变化
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.RequestServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>

<%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}这个代表当前项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password">  <br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

这里注意,web2.3不支持${pageContext.request.contextPath},所以在web.xml更新为更高的4.0版本

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

</web-app>
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    System.out.println("进入这个请求了");
    String username = req.getParameter("username");
    String password = req.getParameter("password");
    System.out.println(username+":"+password);

    //重定向时候一定要注意路径问题,否则404
    resp.sendRedirect("/r1/success.jsp");

}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success</h1>
</body>
</html>

6、HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表了客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议服务器,Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息

获取前端参数及请求转发

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xpccccc.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>登录</h1>

<div>
    <%--这里表单的意思是,以post方式提交表单,提交到我们的login请求--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
        爱好:
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="女孩">女孩
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="代码">代码
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="电影">电影
            <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="唱歌">唱歌
        <br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
  	//设置编码格式
    req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    String username = req.getParameter("username");
    String password = req.getParameter("password");
    String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobbies");
    System.out.println("======================");
    System.out.println(username);
    System.out.println(password);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
    System.out.println("======================");

    //通过请求转发
    //这里的/代表当前的web应用
    req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);

}

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    doGet(req, resp);
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
    登录成功
</h1>
</body>
</html>

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