C - Super Mario（分块+二分）

Mario is world-famous plumber. His “burly” figure and amazing jumping ability reminded in our memory. Now the poor princess is in trouble again and Mario needs to save his lover. We regard the road to the boss’s castle as a line (the length is n), on every integer point i there is a brick on height hi. Now the question is how many bricks in [L, R] Mario can hit if the maximal height he can jump is H.

Input

The first line follows an integer T, the number of test data. 
For each test data: 
The first line contains two integers n, m (1 <= n <=10^5, 1 <= m <= 10^5), n is the length of the road, m is the number of queries. 
Next line contains n integers, the height of each brick, the range is [0, 1000000000]. 
Next m lines, each line contains three integers L, R,H.( 0 <= L <= R < n 0 <= H <= 1000000000.)

Output

For each case, output "Case X: " (X is the case number starting from 1) followed by m lines, each line contains an integer. The ith integer is the number of bricks Mario can hit for the ith query. 

Sample Input

1
10 10
0 5 2 7 5 4 3 8 7 7 
2 8 6
3 5 0
1 3 1
1 9 4
0 1 0
3 5 5
5 5 1
4 6 3
1 5 7
5 7 3

Sample Output

Case 1:
4
0
0
3
1
2
0
1
5
1

题意：给出n个数，询问区间[l，r]内小于h的数的个数。

思路：分块，先将每个块的数值排序，如果查询到完整块就upper_bound二分找到小于h的个数。如果是不完整块就暴力。

 

代码：

//Full of love and hope for life

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <queue>
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
//https://paste.ubuntu.com/

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
const int maxn=100010;

int a,b;
int L[maxn],R[maxn];
int belong[maxn];
int num;
int n[maxn],m[maxn]; // 存分块排好序的n值

void creat(){
    int block=(int)sqrt(a);
    num=a/block;
    if(a%block){
        num++;
    }
    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){
        L[i]=(i-1)*block+1;
        R[i]=i*block;
    }
    R[num]=a;
    for(int i=1;i<=a;i++){
        belong[i]=(i-1)/block+1;
    }
}

int query(int l,int r,int v){
     int sum=0;
     if(belong[l]==belong[r]){
        for(int i=l;i<=r;i++){
            if(n[i]<=v){
                sum++;
            }
        }
        return sum;
     }
     for(int i=l;i<=R[belong[l]];i++){
        if(n[i]<=v){
            sum++;
        }
     }
     for(int i=belong[l]+1;i<belong[r];i++){
        sum+=upper_bound(m+L[i],m+R[i]+1,v)-(m+L[i]);
     }
     for(int i=L[belong[r]];i<=r;i++){
        if(n[i]<=v){
            sum++;
        }
     }
     return sum;
}

int main(){
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int T,k=0;
    cin >> T;
    while(T--){
        k++;
        cin >> a >> b;
        creat();
        for(int i=1;i<=a;i++){
            cin >> n[i];
            m[i]=n[i];
        }
        for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){
            sort(m+L[i],m+R[i]+1);
        }
        cout << "Case " << k << ":" << endl;
        int x,y,v;
        while(b--){
            cin >> x >> y >> v;
            cout << query(x+1,y+1,v) << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}