SpringBoot整合JPA

借鉴来源：Spring Boot整合 Jpa教程
新建springboot项目 , 勾选 web , mysql , jpa
重点: 导包 、JPA 配置、 注解 、 JpaRepository接口

pom.xml中 依赖:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.17</version>
        </dependency>

application.properties 中 进行 数据库基本信息配置以及Jpa基本配置 ， 注意MySQL数据库版本， 8.0之前和8.0之后配置不同

spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.20.40/jpa?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull


spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.database=mysql
spring.jpa.database-platform=mysql
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57Dialect

创建实体类

package com.example.jpa.Entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity(name = "t_book") //@Entity注解的name属性表示自定义生成的表名。
public class Book {
    @Id  //@Id注解表示这个字段是一个id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)  //@GeneratedValue注解表示主键的自增长策略
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String author;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }
}

启动Spring Boot项目，就会发现数据库中多了一个名为t_book的表了。

创建Dao接口

package com.example.jpa.Dao;

import com.example.jpa.Entity.Book;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookDao extends JpaRepository<Book,Integer> {
    //findBookById	findBookByIdGreaterThan	findBookByIdLessThanOrNameContaining 规范命名
    Book findBookById(Integer id);
    List<Book> findBookByIdGreaterThan(Integer id);
    List<Book> findBookByIdLessThanOrNameContaining(Integer id,String name);
    
    @Query(value = "select * from t_book where id=(select max(id) from t_book)",nativeQuery = true)
    Book getMaxIdBook();
    @Query(value = "insert into t_book(name,author) values(?1,?2)",nativeQuery = true)
    @Modifying
    @Transactional
    Integer addBook(String name,String author);
    @Query(value = "insert into t_book(name,author) values(:name,:author)",nativeQuery = true)
    @Modifying
    @Transactional
    Integer addBook2(@Param("name") String name, @Param("author")String author);
}

在Spring Data中，只要按照既定的规范命名方法，Spring Data Jpa就知道你想干嘛，这样就不用写SQL了，那么规范是什么呢？参考下图：

测试

package com.example.jpa;

import com.example.jpa.Dao.BookDao;
import com.example.jpa.Entity.Book;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;


import java.awt.print.Pageable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

@SpringBootTest
class JpaApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    BookDao bookDao;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setName("三国演义");
        book.setAuthor("罗贯中");
        //insert into t_book (author, name) values (?, ?)
        bookDao.save(book); //save 会再存一个进去 , 不会比较是否存在
    }

    @Test
    public void update(){
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setAuthor("luoguanzhong");
        book.setName("sanguoyanyi");
        book.setId(4);
       // Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_0_ from t_book book0_ where book0_.id=?
       // Hibernate: update t_book set author=?, name=? where id=?
        bookDao.saveAndFlush(book); //会先查有没有 , 有就update , 没有就insert
    }

    @Test
    public void delete(){
        //Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_0_ from t_book book0_ where book0_.id=?
        //Hibernate: delete from t_book where id=?
        bookDao.deleteById(2); //先查找再删除
    }
    @Test
    public void find1(){
        //Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_0_ from t_book book0_ where book0_.id=?
        //Book{id=3, name='sanguoyanyi', author='luoguanzhong'}
        //Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_ from t_book book0_
        //[Book{id=1, name='三国演义', author='罗贯中'}, Book{id=3, name='sanguoyanyi', author='luoguanzhong'}, Book{id=4, name='sanguoyanyi', author='luoguanzhong'}]

        // Book bookById = bookDao.findBookById(3);
        // Optional 类既可以含有对象也可以为空 , 可以避免空指针异常
        Optional<Book> byId = bookDao.findById(3);
        System.out.println(byId.get());
        List<Book> all=bookDao.findAll();
        System.out.println(all);
    }

    @Test
    public void find3(){
        // Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_ from t_book book0_ limit ?
        // Hibernate: select count(book0_.id) as col_0_0_ from t_book book0_
        PageRequest pageable= PageRequest.of(0,2 );
        Page<Book> page = bookDao.findAll(pageable);
        System.out.println("总记录数："+page.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println("当前页记录数："+page.getNumberOfElements());
        System.out.println("每页记录数："+page.getSize());
        System.out.println("获取总页数："+page.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("查询结果："+page.getContent());
        System.out.println("当前页（从0开始计）："+page.getNumber());
        System.out.println("是否为首页："+page.isFirst());
        System.out.println("是否为尾页："+page.isLast());
        //总记录数：3
        //当前页记录数：2
        //每页记录数：2
        //获取总页数：2
        //查询结果：[Book{id=1, name='三国演义', author='罗贯中'}, Book{id=3, name='sanguoyanyi', author='luoguanzhong'}]
        //当前页（从0开始计）：0
        //是否为首页：true
        //是否为尾页：false
    }
    @Test
    public void find4(){
        //Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_ from t_book book0_ where book0_.id=?
        //Book{id=3, name='sanguoyanyi', author='luoguanzhong'}
        Book book=bookDao.findBookById(3);
        System.out.println(book);
    }
    @Test
    public  void find5(){
        //Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_ from t_book book0_ where book0_.id>?
        //[]
        //Hibernate: select book0_.id as id1_0_, book0_.author as author2_0_, book0_.name as name3_0_ from t_book book0_ where book0_.id<? or book0_.name like ? escape ?
        //[Book{id=1, name='三国演义', author='罗贯中'}, Book{id=3, name='sanguoyanyi', author='luoguanzhong'}, Book{id=4, name='sanguoyanyi', author='luoguanzhong'}]
        List<Book> list = bookDao.findBookByIdGreaterThan(4);
        System.out.println(list);
        List<Book> list1 = bookDao.findBookByIdLessThanOrNameContaining(5, "水");
        System.out.println(list1);

    }
    @Test
    public void find6(){
        //Hibernate: select * from t_book where id=(select max(id) from t_book)
        //Book{id=6, name='python', author='老刘'}
        Book book=bookDao.getMaxIdBook();
        System.out.println(book);
    }
    @Test
    public void test7(){
        //Hibernate: insert into t_book(name,author) values(?,?)
        //Hibernate: insert into t_book(name,author) values(?,?)
        Integer r1 = bookDao.addBook2("java", "小刘");
        System.out.println(r1);
        Integer r2 = bookDao.addBook("python", "老刘");
        System.out.println(r2);
    }