IOC获取对象的方式

通过context.getBean()方法获取bean时，可以通过如下两种方式获取：
传入id值
传入class类型

通过class方式获取bean时，如果同一个类配置过多个bean，则在获取时因为无法确定到底要获取哪个bean会抛出异常。

Teacher继承Person类
spring容器配置文件如下:

<bean id="person" class="cn.yuer.beans.Person"></bean>
<bean id="teacher" class="cn.yuer.beans.Teacher"></bean>

通过class获取bean测试执行:

 @Test
    public void test02(){
        ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml");
        Person p=(Person)context.getBean(Person.class);
        ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) context).close();
    }

抛出异常:

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'cn.yuer.beans.Person' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: person,teacher

	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveNamedBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1041)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:345)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:340)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1090)
	at cn.yuer.test.test01.test02(test01.java:23)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)


Process finished with exit code -1

因为 Teacher继承Person类,找到了两个bean ,teacher,person
SpringIOC在通过class获取bean时，如果找不到该类型的bean还会去检查是否存在该类型的子孙类型的bean，如果有则返回，如果找不到或找到多个则抛出异常。这符合java面向对象思想中的多态的特性。

标题通过id获取bean

• 如果找不到，抛异常NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
  

•  如果找到唯一的，返回对象
  

•  因为id不重复，不可能找到多个
  

通过class获取bean

•  如果找不到,抛出异常NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
  

•  如果找到唯一，返回对象
  

•  如果找到多个，抛出异常NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException