python 解析xml文件并修改其属性值

本文章主要介绍了python 解析xml文件，修改其属性，并且进行回写的过程，博主目前发现有两种方式进行实现；但是两种实现有如下区别：

• 采用 python自带的包 xml.etree.ElementTree 进行xml解析和回写，无法给xml文件添加standalone=‘yes’ 属性
• 采用 第三方包 lxml 进行xml解析和回写，可以在xml文件添加standalone=‘yes’ 属性

详细的区别请看下面的内容

一. 采用 python 自带包进行xml解析, 实现给textCompent增加一个属性 status= development

1. xml 文件的内容如下

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<config>
    <set_status>development</set_status>
    <component>
        <componentElement name="occN">
            <textCompent name="apk1" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk2" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk3" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk4" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk5" status="online" />
        </componentElement>
        <componentElement name="occK">
            <textCompent name="apk1" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk2" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk3" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk4" status="online" />
            <textCompent name="apk5" status="online" />
        </componentElement>
    </component>
</config>

3.修改后的xml文件：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='no'?>
<config>
    <set_status>development</set_status>
    <component>
        <componentElement name="occN">
            <textCompent name="apk1" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk2" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk3" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk4" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk5" status="development"/>
        </componentElement>
        <componentElement name="occK">
            <textCompent name="apk1" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk2" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk3" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk4" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk5" status="development"/>
        </componentElement>
    </component>
</config>

2. python script xml 处理：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
config_file = "demol.xml"


def change_xml():
    # 解析xml文件成一个tree
    tree = ET.parse(config_file)
    # 获取根节点，<config>下面的内容
    root = tree.getroot()

    global status_set
    #获取嵌入数据，例如 <set_status>development</set_status>
    status_set = root.find("set_status").text

    component_list = root.find("component")
    for component in component_list.iter('componentElement'):
        for textCompent in component.iter('textCompent'):
            # 获取目前的属性值，例如  <textCompent name="apk5" status="online" />
            status=textCompent.attrib.get("status")
            # 设置新的属性值
            textCompent.set("status",status_set)
    #  xml_declaration 表示带有文件头，例如 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    #  此处写文件的时候无法设置standalone属性,否则会报错
    tree.write("demol.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    change_xml()

二.采用第三方包lxml进行xml的操作，实现给textCompent增加一个属性 status= development

1. 下载 lxml包

pip install lxml

2. python script xml 处理：
   目前发现的写法区别只有：在解析xml文件和回写xml文件时有不同，其他相同

from lxml import etree
config_file = "demol.xml"


def change_xml():
    # 解析xml文件成一个tree
    tree = etree.parse(config_file)
    # 获取根节点，<config>下面的内容
    root = tree.getroot()

    global status_set
    #获取嵌入数据，例如 <set_status>development</set_status>
    status_set = root.find("set_status").text

    component_list = root.find("component")
    for component in component_list.iter('componentElement'):
        for textCompent in component.iter('textCompent'):
            # 获取目前的属性值，例如  <textCompent name="apk5" status="online" />
            status=textCompent.attrib.get("status")
            # 设置新的属性值
            textCompent.set("status",status_set)

    #  xml_declaration 表示带有文件头，例如 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    #  此处写文件的时候可以standalone属性
    tree.write("demol.xml", xml_declaration=True, pretty_print=True, encoding=tree.docinfo.encoding,
                   standalone=tree.docinfo.standalone)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    change_xml()

3.修改后的xml文件

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='no'?>
<config>
    <set_status>development</set_status>
    <component>
        <componentElement name="occN">
            <textCompent name="apk1" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk2" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk3" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk4" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk5" status="development"/>
        </componentElement>
        <componentElement name="occK">
            <textCompent name="apk1" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk2" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk3" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk4" status="development"/>
            <textCompent name="apk5" status="development"/>
        </componentElement>
    </component>
</config>