Manjoro kde双系统的踩坑之路

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-16 13:33:48 发布

Bathwind-w

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-16 13:33:48 发布

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点赞数 1

文章标签： linux manjaro 开发工具

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44219883/article/details/107857939

版权

本来打算是想在虚拟机里面玩玩这个系统，但是觉得虚拟机玩着没那个意思。于是自己就打算搞个双系统。这几天在这里面踩了好多坑。唉，搞到最后，发现其实还不如在windows上，做开发用真的足够了，但是我挺烦这个开机贼慢和进桌面都会黑屏的问题。另外自己有许多搞嵌入式的软件在linux上实在没有。所以我打算写完这篇文章后继续回到我的Windows。相信linux系统的未来会更好。略有些遗憾告别了这个系统。

1：下载镜像

首先第一步，去Manjoro官网下载镜像。镜像的话这里是有三个版本，第一个版本是xfce,第二个版本是kde版本的，第三个gnome.然后我觉得kde版本的比较友好吧。而且功能比较强大，里面我觉得最好的一个软件就是kdeconnect,这个软件真的好用，可惜windows没有类似的软件。在这里插入图片描述

以上就是三个版本的，下载镜像即可，但是由于服务器在国外的原因，速度很慢，这里我把百度云链接放到这，需要的自取：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/14ywNtYmKfcvZ4jP760WNQA 提取码: fy4d 。

2：分出一个磁盘并且烧录镜像进去

目前主流的两种启动系统的方式：
*legacy*启动+MBR分区表

*UEFI*启动+*GPT*分区表

这里我们需要先分出一个磁盘，分盘的操作大家应该都没啥问题，所以这一步直接省略了。右键选择一个磁盘->属性->卷，在磁盘分区形式一栏中可以看到是GPT or MBR，这里的话我们要记住了，一会rufus设置的要用的到
在这里插入图片描述
烧录镜像的有俩个软件可以选择，一个是rufus，另一个*win32diskimage*把，具体我也忘了，rufus下载的链接为：http://rufus.ie/。打开后是这个页面：

这里选择other version,然后括号里面github和fosshub无所谓。下载版本一定选择3,4的。否则gpt分区没法选择。
在这里插入图片描述
插入u盘，打开Rufus，我的分区类型一栏选择的是GPT，其他的都为默认，

点击开始后弹出该窗口，点击以DD镜像模式写入：
在这里插入图片描述

3 配置系统以及安装`manjoro`

然后正常装系统操作，这个就不写了，之后会一步步进入到安装引导界面。如下图所示：

在这里插入图片描述

lang =en_us这一行的话可以设置下语言，其余保持默认即可。然后切到Boot那一行按回车即可。

接下来就回来到下一个界面。

在这里插入图片描述

在这个界面先连下网，然后点击黄框选中的，开始一步步傻瓜式安装，接下来几幅图就是对应的：

在这里插入图片描述

分区的话选择自动替换一个分区就可以。记得分区选择我们之前分出那个区域。让manjoro帮我们自动分区。

接下来设置账户信息，这个就不用多说了吧，设置好以后就下一步就行咯。

在这里插入图片描述

最后会让你确认一下是否正确。没啥错误就点击安装就好了。
在这里插入图片描述

之后等待进度条走完，然后选择重启，拔掉u盘。剩下的就可以开心的配置Manjoro了。

4：调节字体以及安装各种常用软件

1 换源

首先需要进行的第一步就是换源。

换源的俩条指令，依次输入命令即可：

sudo pacman-mirrors -i -c China -m rank
sudo pacman -Syy

第一条指令输入后会显示几个速度快的源，这里都选上即可。然后再输入第二条指令。

之后输入指令：sudo nano /etc/pacman.conf

在文件最后一行加入：

[archlinuxcn]
SigLevel = Optional TrustedOnly
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

然后ctrl+x退出，点击Y，回车保存即可。

之后输入指令：

sudo pacman -Syy
sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

2：安装各种常用软件

首先安装下中文输入法，这里的话搜狗显然是更加好用的，

首先安装yay,这个可以pacman去安装软件：

sudo pacman -S yay base-devel

yay -S fcitx-qt4 kcm-fcitx fcitx-sogoupinyin
sudo echo -e "export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx\n export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx\n export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx" >>~/.xprofile

依次输入上面俩条指令，然后reboot重启。

谷歌浏览器：

sudo pacman -S google-chrome

安装完后可以把火狐卸了。谷歌安装插件的方法和windows上没有区别，依旧是.crx文件往里面拖就好。

git,VScode:

sudo pacman -S git

sudo pacman -S visual-studio-code-bin

网易云音乐：

yay -S netease-cloud-music

安装的软件通病都是字体不会跟随系统字体而变化，这一点我觉得很不舒服，还要自己来配置。

安装:tim

yay -R deepin-wine-tim

安装之后可能出现闪退的现象，这时候输入以下指令：

sudo pacman -S gnome-settings-daemon

设置/usr/lib/gsd-xsettings为自启动

系统设置->开机或关机->自动启动->添加脚本->输入/usr/lib/gsd-xsettings

重启即可打开

tim界面也可能会出现字体极小的现象。这时候不要慌，输入以下指令，也就是调节wine的dpi设定:

env WINEPREFIX="$HOME/.deepinwine/Deepin-TIM" winecfg

设置显示界面的dpi即可，也就是吧dpi的数值调大即可。

在这里插入图片描述

之后就显示正常了，very good!!!。

安装截图工具并设置快捷：

这里推荐flameshot.

输入代码：sudo pacman -S flameshot

之后在系统设置全局快捷键：

在这里插入图片描述

这里右键选择新建-全局快捷键-命令(URl)。快捷根据自己习惯设置，动作输入：flameshot gui ，然后应用保存即可。

安装typora:

sudo pacman -S typora

3：字体设置：

网易云界面字体的设置方法：

修改 /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music下的netease-cloud-music.bash

最后一行添加上：

--force-device-scale-factor=1.8即可。

然后系统字体我调节的大小大概是14像素：

缩放调节的120%.感觉看的才比较舒服一点。

4 美化界面：

1安装latte-dock栏：

输入以下指令：

sudo pacman -S latte-dock

关闭背景大小
绝对大小48
鼠标悬停放大40%
删除模拟时钟
在dock上添加部件
左侧为应用程序面板
右侧为回收站

之后自己配置dock栏就可以了。

2安装`zsh`

输入下面这条指令安装git.之后会用到git。

sudo pacman -S git

接下来输入以下指令：

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

如果出现404那就是网络原因，自己可以在桌面建立一个install.sh.内容如下：

 #!/bin/sh
#
# This script should be run via curl:
#   sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# or wget:
#   sh -c "$(wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
#
# As an alternative, you can first download the install script and run it afterwards:
#   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh
#   sh install.sh
#
# You can tweak the install behavior by setting variables when running the script. For
# example, to change the path to the Oh My Zsh repository:
#   ZSH=~/.zsh sh install.sh
#
# Respects the following environment variables:
#   ZSH     - path to the Oh My Zsh repository folder (default: $HOME/.oh-my-zsh)
#   REPO    - name of the GitHub repo to install from (default: ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh)
#   REMOTE  - full remote URL of the git repo to install (default: GitHub via HTTPS)
#   BRANCH  - branch to check out immediately after install (default: master)
#
# Other options:
#   CHSH       - 'no' means the installer will not change the default shell (default: yes)
#   RUNZSH     - 'no' means the installer will not run zsh after the install (default: yes)
#   KEEP_ZSHRC - 'yes' means the installer will not replace an existing .zshrc (default: no)
#
# You can also pass some arguments to the install script to set some these options:
#   --skip-chsh: has the same behavior as setting CHSH to 'no'
#   --unattended: sets both CHSH and RUNZSH to 'no'
#   --keep-zshrc: sets KEEP_ZSHRC to 'yes'
# For example:
#   sh install.sh --unattended
#
set -e

# Default settings
ZSH=${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}
REPO=${REPO:-ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh}
REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://github.com/${REPO}.git}
BRANCH=${BRANCH:-master}

# Other options
CHSH=${CHSH:-yes}
RUNZSH=${RUNZSH:-yes}
KEEP_ZSHRC=${KEEP_ZSHRC:-no}


command_exists() {
	command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
}

error() {
	echo ${RED}"Error: $@"${RESET} >&2
}

setup_color() {
	# Only use colors if connected to a terminal
	if [ -t 1 ]; then
		RED=$(printf '\033[31m')
		GREEN=$(printf '\033[32m')
		YELLOW=$(printf '\033[33m')
		BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')
		BOLD=$(printf '\033[1m')
		RESET=$(printf '\033[m')
	else
		RED=""
		GREEN=""
		YELLOW=""
		BLUE=""
		BOLD=""
		RESET=""
	fi
}

setup_ohmyzsh() {
	# Prevent the cloned repository from having insecure permissions. Failing to do
	# so causes compinit() calls to fail with "command not found: compdef" errors
	# for users with insecure umasks (e.g., "002", allowing group writability). Note
	# that this will be ignored under Cygwin by default, as Windows ACLs take
	# precedence over umasks except for filesystems mounted with option "noacl".
	umask g-w,o-w

	echo "${BLUE}Cloning Oh My Zsh...${RESET}"

	command_exists git || {
		error "git is not installed"
		exit 1
	}

	if [ "$OSTYPE" = cygwin ] && git --version | grep -q msysgit; then
		error "Windows/MSYS Git is not supported on Cygwin"
		error "Make sure the Cygwin git package is installed and is first on the \$PATH"
		exit 1
	fi

	git clone -c core.eol=lf -c core.autocrlf=false \
		-c fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		-c fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		-c receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		--depth=1 --branch "$BRANCH" "$REMOTE" "$ZSH" || {
		error "git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed"
		exit 1
	}

	echo
}

setup_zshrc() {
	# Keep most recent old .zshrc at .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh, and older ones
	# with datestamp of installation that moved them aside, so we never actually
	# destroy a user's original zshrc
	echo "${BLUE}Looking for an existing zsh config...${RESET}"

	# Must use this exact name so uninstall.sh can find it
	OLD_ZSHRC=~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh
	if [ -f ~/.zshrc ] || [ -h ~/.zshrc ]; then
		# Skip this if the user doesn't want to replace an existing .zshrc
		if [ $KEEP_ZSHRC = yes ]; then
			echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Keeping...${RESET}"
			return
		fi
		if [ -e "$OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
			OLD_OLD_ZSHRC="${OLD_ZSHRC}-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"
			if [ -e "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
				error "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC exists. Can't back up ${OLD_ZSHRC}"
				error "re-run the installer again in a couple of seconds"
				exit 1
			fi
			mv "$OLD_ZSHRC" "${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}"

			echo "${YELLOW}Found old ~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh." \
				"${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
		fi
		echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
		mv ~/.zshrc "$OLD_ZSHRC"
	fi

	echo "${GREEN}Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.${RESET}"

	sed "/^export ZSH=/ c\\
export ZSH=\"$ZSH\"
" "$ZSH/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" > ~/.zshrc-omztemp
	mv -f ~/.zshrc-omztemp ~/.zshrc

	echo
}

setup_shell() {
	# Skip setup if the user wants or stdin is closed (not running interactively).
	if [ $CHSH = no ]; then
		return
	fi

	# If this user's login shell is already "zsh", do not attempt to switch.
	if [ "$(basename "$SHELL")" = "zsh" ]; then
		return
	fi

	# If this platform doesn't provide a "chsh" command, bail out.
	if ! command_exists chsh; then
		cat <<-EOF
			I can't change your shell automatically because this system does not have chsh.
			${BLUE}Please manually change your default shell to zsh${RESET}
		EOF
		return
	fi

	echo "${BLUE}Time to change your default shell to zsh:${RESET}"

	# Prompt for user choice on changing the default login shell
	printf "${YELLOW}Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n]${RESET} "
	read opt
	case $opt in
		y*|Y*|"") echo "Changing the shell..." ;;
		n*|N*) echo "Shell change skipped."; return ;;
		*) echo "Invalid choice. Shell change skipped."; return ;;
	esac

	# Check if we're running on Termux
	case "$PREFIX" in
		*com.termux*) termux=true; zsh=zsh ;;
		*) termux=false ;;
	esac

	if [ "$termux" != true ]; then
		# Test for the right location of the "shells" file
		if [ -f /etc/shells ]; then
			shells_file=/etc/shells
		elif [ -f /usr/share/defaults/etc/shells ]; then # Solus OS
			shells_file=/usr/share/defaults/etc/shells
		else
			error "could not find /etc/shells file. Change your default shell manually."
			return
		fi

		# Get the path to the right zsh binary
		# 1. Use the most preceding one based on $PATH, then check that it's in the shells file
		# 2. If that fails, get a zsh path from the shells file, then check it actually exists
		if ! zsh=$(which zsh) || ! grep -qx "$zsh" "$shells_file"; then
			if ! zsh=$(grep '^/.*/zsh$' "$shells_file" | tail -1) || [ ! -f "$zsh" ]; then
				error "no zsh binary found or not present in '$shells_file'"
				error "change your default shell manually."
				return
			fi
		fi
	fi

	# We're going to change the default shell, so back up the current one
	if [ -n "$SHELL" ]; then
		echo $SHELL > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
	else
		grep "^$USER:" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
	fi

	# Actually change the default shell to zsh
	if ! chsh -s "$zsh"; then
		error "chsh command unsuccessful. Change your default shell manually."
	else
		export SHELL="$zsh"
		echo "${GREEN}Shell successfully changed to '$zsh'.${RESET}"
	fi

	echo
}

main() {
	# Run as unattended if stdin is closed
	if [ ! -t 0 ]; then
		RUNZSH=no
		CHSH=no
	fi

	# Parse arguments
	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
		case $1 in
			--unattended) RUNZSH=no; CHSH=no ;;
			--skip-chsh) CHSH=no ;;
			--keep-zshrc) KEEP_ZSHRC=yes ;;
		esac
		shift
	done

	setup_color

	if ! command_exists zsh; then
		echo "${YELLOW}Zsh is not installed.${RESET} Please install zsh first."
		exit 1
	fi

	if [ -d "$ZSH" ]; then
		cat <<-EOF
			${YELLOW}You already have Oh My Zsh installed.${RESET}
			You'll need to remove '$ZSH' if you want to reinstall.
		EOF
		exit 1
	fi

	setup_ohmyzsh
	setup_zshrc
	setup_shell

	printf "$GREEN"
	cat <<-'EOF'
		         __                                     __
		  ____  / /_     ____ ___  __  __   ____  _____/ /_
		 / __ \/ __ \   / __ `__ \/ / / /  /_  / / ___/ __ \
		/ /_/ / / / /  / / / / / / /_/ /    / /_(__  ) / / /
		\____/_/ /_/  /_/ /_/ /_/\__, /    /___/____/_/ /_/
		                        /____/                       ....is now installed!


		Before you scream Oh My Zsh! please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.

		• Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh
		• Join our Discord server: https://discord.gg/ohmyzsh
		• Get stickers, shirts, coffee mugs and other swag: https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh

	EOF
	printf "$RESET"

	if [ $RUNZSH = no ]; then
		echo "${YELLOW}Run zsh to try it out.${RESET}"
		exit
	fi

	exec zsh -l
}

main "$@"

然后cd切换到桌面上，输入指令：

sh install.sh

3：安装`PowerLevel10k`主题

依次运行以下命令

#安装字体
sudo pacman -S nerd-fonts-complete
#安装powerlevel10k主题
sudo pacman -Sy --noconfirm zsh-theme-powerlevel10k
#配置powerlevel10k
echo 'source /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme' >>! ~/.zshrc
#使配置立即生效
source ~/.zshrc

4 ：安装自动补全插件

git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

运行以下命令更改配置

sudo nano ~/.zshrc

添加

plugins=(zsh-autosuggestions git)

使配置立即生效

source ~/.zshrc

5：安装语法高亮插件

运行以下命令

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
1

配置插件

echo "source $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh" >> ${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zshrc
1

使配置立即生效

source ~/.zshrc

6：`sudo`输入密码显示星号

#运行命令
sudo nano /etc/sudoers
#添加以下内容
Defaults env_reset,pwfeedback

以上基本就是Manjoro基本配置，然后今天彻底放弃了manjoro,主要我觉得我的装完后响应真的慢，可能由于是我把系统装在了机械硬盘的原因，总之，暂时的放弃不是永久的，等到以后还会再装回来，linux必将越来越好，开源牛逼

Bathwind-w

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Manjoro kde双系统的踩坑之路

本来打算是想在虚拟机里面玩玩这个系统，但是觉得虚拟机玩着没那个意思。于是自己就打算搞个双系统。这几天在这里面踩了好多坑。唉，搞到最后，发现其实还不如在windows上，做开发用真的足够了，但是我挺烦这个开机贼慢和进桌面都会黑屏的问题。另外自己有许多搞嵌入式的软件在linux上实在没有。所以我打算写完这篇文章后继续回到我的Windows。相信linux系统的未来会更好。略有些遗憾告别了这个系统。1：下载镜像首先第一步，去Manjoro官网下载镜像。镜像的话这里是有三个版本，第一个版本是xfce,第二个版本
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