MySQL的主从复制（异步复制，半同步复制，组复制）

一.MySQL主从复制的概念

MySQL 主从复制是指数据可以从一个MySQL数据库服务器主节点复制到一个或多个从节点。MySQL 默认采用异步复制方式，这样从节点不用一直访问主服务器来更新自己的数据，数据的更新可以在远程连接上进行，从节点可以复制主数据库中的所有数据库或者特定的数据库，或者特定的表。

二.MySQL主从复制的原理

MySQL主从复制涉及到三个线程，一个运行在主节点（log dump thread），其余两个(I/O thread, SQL thread)运行在从节点，如下图所示:

主节点 binary log dump 线程

当从节点连接主节点时，主节点会创建一个log dump 线程，用于发送bin-log的内容。在读取bin-log中的操作时，此线程会对主节点上的bin-log加锁，当读取完成，甚至在发动给从节点之前，锁会被释放。

从节点I/O线程

当从节点上执行start slave命令之后，从节点会创建一个I/O线程用来连接主节点，请求主库中更新的bin-log。I/O线程接收到主节点binlog dump 进程发来的更新之后，保存在本地relay-log中。

从节点SQL线程

SQL线程负责读取relay log中的内容，解析成具体的操作并执行，最终保证主从数据的一致性。

对于每一个主从连接，都需要三个进程来完成。当主节点有多个从节点时，主节点会为每一个当前连接的从节点建一个binary log dump 进程，而每个从节点都有自己的I/O进程，SQL进程。从节点用两个线程将从主库拉取更新和执行分成独立的任务，这样在执行同步数据任务的时候，不会降低读操作的性能。比如，如果从节点没有运行，此时I/O进程可以很快从主节点获取更新，尽管SQL进程还没有执行。如果在SQL进程执行之前从节点服务停止，至少I/O进程已经从主节点拉取到了最新的变更并且保存在本地relay日志中，当服务再次起来之后，就可以完成数据的同步。

要实施复制，首先必须打开Master 端的binary log（bin-log）功能，否则无法实现。

三.异步模式（默认模式）

MySQL 主从复制默认是异步的模式。MySQL增删改操作会全部记录在binary log中，当slave节点连接master时，会主动从master处获取最新的bin log文件。并把bin log中的sql relay

实验环境：两台rhel7.3的虚拟机,server1作为主,server2作为从数据库

1.获取安装包,解压安装

server1:

 tar xf mysql-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

选择性安装
mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum install -y mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2.编写配置文件，配置mysql

vim /etc/my.cnf
添加
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1

systemctl start mysqld			##启动mysql
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password    ##获取初始密码
 mysql_secure_installation					##初始化

 Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:   					##设置数据库密码，要符合密码规则，初始化成功后，可以查看数据库信息

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: 

Re-enter new password: 
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No

 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : 

 ... skipping.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : 

 ... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for