config.gradle用于全局定义项目的配置信息

在project下创建config.gradle文件：
作用：
1.统一性：每个modle用同一的版本等
2.便于管理：修改一次就能让每个modle都修改了
3.版本管理
步骤：
1，在project右键new，点击file，创建config.gradle文件；

ext{
    //android配置
    android=[ compileSdkVersion:28,
              applicationId :"com.example.meet",
              minSdkVersion :16,
              targetSdkVersion: 28,
              versionCode :1,
              versionName :"1.0",

              testInstrumentationRunner :"androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

    ]
    dependencies =[

        "appcompat":'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'

    ]

2，在project下的build.gadle引入config.gradle

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
//引入自定义gradle配置文件
apply from:"config.gradle"
buildscript {
    
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
        
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.6.0'
        

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
        
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

3,引用gradle常量：将app下的buile.gradle中的android和dependencies属性用config.gradle中的替代；

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.android["compileSdkVersion"]


    defaultConfig {
        applicationId rootProject.ext.android["applicationId"]
        minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.android["minSdkVersion"]
        targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.android["targetSdkVersion"]
        versionCode rootProject.ext.android["versionCode"]
        versionName rootProject.ext.android["versionName"]

        testInstrumentationRunner rootProject.ext.android["testInstrumentationRunner"]
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])

    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["appcompat"]
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
}

4，自定义gradle常量：
在app的build.gradle下用buildConfigField（）方法添加，第一个参数为类型，第二参数为名字，第三个参数为值，这里添加了一个名叫LOG_DEBUG，值为true的布尔型常量。

    buildTypes {
        debug{
            buildConfigField("boolean","LOG_DEBUG","true")
        }
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

5，查看常量：在MainActivity中写上BuildConfig，ctrl+B查看源码： Fields //from build type: debug下的就是自定义gradle常量Log_DEBUG；
（注意：如果在写上BuildConfig提示没有该类，选中找不到BuildConfig类的module ，Build ——> Make Module“module name”，生成BuildConfig类，系统自动补充import语句）

package com.example.meet;

public final class BuildConfig {
  public static final boolean DEBUG = Boolean.parseBoolean("true");
  public static final String APPLICATION_ID = "com.example.meet";
  public static final String BUILD_TYPE = "debug";
  public static final String FLAVOR = "";
  public static final int VERSION_CODE = 1;
  public static final String VERSION_NAME = "1.0";
  // Fields from build type: debug
  public static final boolean LOG_DEBUG = true;
}