设计模式之观察者模式(Observer)+实例

定义

多个对象之前存在一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生了改变时，所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并自动更新，又称为发布——订阅模式
优点：
降低目标与观察者间的耦合关系，在目标和观察者模式之间建立了一套触发机制
缺点：
目标和观察者之间的依赖关系并未完全解除，而且可能循环使用，当观察者对象很多时，通知的发布会花费很多时间。

实例

下面是用观察者模式模拟股票两个不同持有者（抛售方，购买方）关注角度，话不多说，上代码：

package obs;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract class AStockPrice {
	
	protected float price,price2;//现价，原价
	

	public float getPrice2() {
		return price2;
	}

	public void setPrice2(float price2) {
		this.price2 = price2;
	}

	protected String code;//区分对象,code相同则认为是同一种股票
	protected List<IStockHolder>stockHolderlist;//观察者种类
	
	public void Add(IStockHolder Ish) {
		stockHolderlist.add(Ish);
	}
	
	public void Remove(IStockHolder Ish) {
		stockHolderlist.remove(Ish);
	} 
	
	public AStockPrice(String code) {
		this.code=code;
		price=price2=0;
		stockHolderlist=new ArrayList<IStockHolder>();
	}
	
	public float getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	
	public void setPrice(float price) {
		this.price = price;
		notifyHolder();
	}
	
	//不同的股票种类有不同类型的通知
	abstract protected void notifyHolder();
   //代码生成器自动生成，保留code,去掉price进行区分。
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + ((code == null) ? 0 : code.hashCode());
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		AStockPrice other = (AStockPrice) obj;
		if (code == null) {
			if (other.code != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!code.equals(other.code))
			return false;
		return true;
	}

	
	
	
	
}

package obs;
/*
 * 股票持有者抽象接口
 */
public interface IStockHolder {
	public void update(AStockPrice asp);
	public void AddHolder(AStockPrice asp);
}

package obs;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 * 买方
 *
 */
public class BuyHolder implements IStockHolder {
	private List<AStockPrice>attentionList;
	private String name;
	public BuyHolder(String name) {
		attentionList=new ArrayList<AStockPrice>();
		this.name=name;
	}

	@Override
	public void update(AStockPrice asp) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(attentionList.contains(asp)) {
			System.out.println(name);
			if(asp.getPrice()-asp.getPrice2()>0) {
				System.out.println(asp.code+":");
				System.out.println("原价："+asp.price2+"现价："+asp.price);
				System.out.println("涨了，爽！");
			}
			else {
				System.out.println(asp.code+":");
				System.out.println("原价："+asp.price2+"现价："+asp.price);
				System.out.println("跌了，哭！");
			}
		}

	}

	@Override
	public void AddHolder(AStockPrice asp) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		attentionList.add(asp);
		asp.Add(this);
	}

}

package obs;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *抛售方
 */
public class SellHolder implements IStockHolder {
	private List<AStockPrice>attentionList;
	private String name;
	public SellHolder(String name) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		attentionList=new ArrayList<AStockPrice>();
		this.name=name;
	}

	@Override
	public void update(AStockPrice asp) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(attentionList.contains(asp)) {
			System.out.println(name);
			if(asp.getPrice()-asp.getPrice2()>0) {
				System.out.println(asp.code+":");
				System.out.println("原价："+asp.price2+"现价："+asp.price);
				System.out.println("涨了，哭！");
			}
			else {
				System.out.println(asp.code+":");
				System.out.println("原价："+asp.price2+"现价："+asp.price);
				System.out.println("跌了，爽！");
			}
		}

	}

	@Override
	public void AddHolder(AStockPrice asp) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		attentionList.add(asp);
		asp.Add(this);
	}

}

package obs;
/**
 * 期货
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class StockFutures extends AStockPrice {

	public StockFutures(String code) {
		super(code);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	protected void notifyHolder() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("期货更新了——"+code+":");
		for(IStockHolder ish:stockHolderlist) {
			//System.out.println(ish);
			ish.update(this);
		}
		price2=price ;

	}

}

package obs;
/**
 * 普通股票
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class StockCommon extends AStockPrice {

	public StockCommon(String code) {
		super(code);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	protected void notifyHolder() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("普通股票更新了——"+code+":");
		for(IStockHolder ish:stockHolderlist) {
			ish.update(this);
		}
		price2=price;

	}
}

package obs;

public class ClientClass {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		AStockPrice future1=new StockFutures("111");
		AStockPrice future2=new StockFutures("222");
		AStockPrice future3=new StockFutures("333");
//		
//		future1.setPrice(50);
//		future1.setPrice2(80);
//		future2.setPrice(70);
//		future2.setPrice2(55);
//		future3.setPrice(90);
//		future3.setPrice2(80);
		
		
		AStockPrice common5=new StockCommon("555");
		AStockPrice common6=new StockCommon("666");
		AStockPrice common7=new StockCommon("777");
		
//		common5.setPrice(77);
//		common5.setPrice2(60);
//		common6.setPrice(66);
//		common6.setPrice2(90);
//		common7.setPrice(78);
//		common7.setPrice2(80);
		
		IStockHolder Buy1=new BuyHolder("Buy1");
		IStockHolder Buy2=new BuyHolder("Buy2");
		IStockHolder Buy3=new BuyHolder("Buy3");
		
		IStockHolder sell1=new SellHolder("sell1");
		IStockHolder sell2=new SellHolder("sell2");
		IStockHolder sell3=new SellHolder("sell3");
		
		Buy1.AddHolder(future1);
		Buy1.AddHolder(future2);
		Buy1.AddHolder(common5);
		
		Buy2.AddHolder(future1);
		Buy2.AddHolder(future3);
		Buy2.AddHolder(common6);
		
		Buy3.AddHolder(future3);
		Buy3.AddHolder(future2);
		Buy3.AddHolder(common7);
		
		sell1.AddHolder(future1);
		sell1.AddHolder(future3);
		sell1.AddHolder(common6);
		
		sell2.AddHolder(future1);
		sell2.AddHolder(future2);
		sell2.AddHolder(common5);
		
		sell3.AddHolder(future3);
		sell3.AddHolder(future2);
		sell3.AddHolder(common7);
		for(int i=0;i>-5;i--) {
			future1.setPrice(1+i);
			future2.setPrice(1+i);
			future3.setPrice(1+i);
			
			common5.setPrice(1+i);
			common6.setPrice(1+i);
			common7.setPrice(1+i);
		}
		
		
	}

}

运行结果：

注意程序关键代码部分：

股票的价格变动就去提醒买方和卖方。 在客户端调用时，应该先生成持有者对象再去设置价格，否则通知的对象列表为空，无法获得预期结果。
学习视频指路：黑手书生
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av95698793?from=search&seid=5012547147156938065