python 使用 PyPDF2 和 pdfplumber 操 作 pdf

1. PyPDF2 和 pdfplumber 库安装

• PyPDF2 官网：https://pythonhosted.org/PyPDF2/
• PyPDF2 可以更好的读取、写入、分割、合并 PDF 文件；
• pdfplumber 官网：https://github.com/jsvine/pdfplumber
• pdfplumber 可以更好地读取 PDF 文件内容和提取 PDF 中的表格；
• 这两个库不属于 python 标准库，都需要单独安装；

2. python 提取 PDF 文字内容

2 .1 利用 pdfplumber 提取文字

import PyPDF2
import pdfplumber
with pdfplumber.open("test.pdf") as p:
 page = p.pages[2]
 print(page.extract_text())

2 .2 利用 pdfplumber 提取表格并写入 excel

• extract_table()：如果一页有一个表格；
• extract_tables()：如果一页有多个表格；

import PyPDF2
import pdfplumber
from openpyxl import Workbook
with pdfplumber.open("test.pdf") as p:
   page = p.pages[24]
   table = page.extract_table()
   print(table)
   workbook = Workbook()
   sheet = workbook.active
   for row in table:
      sheet.append(row)
   workbook.save(filename="新 pdf.xlsx")

缺陷：当提取出来的表格有很多空行时，怎么去掉这些空行呢？
判断：将列表中每个元素都连接成一个字符串，如果还是一个空字符串那么肯定就是空行。

import PyPDF2
import pdfplumber
from openpyxl import Workbook
with pdfplumber.open("test.pdf") as p:
   page = p.pages[24]
   table = page.extract_table()
   print(table)
   workbook = Workbook()
   sheet = workbook.active
   for row in table:
      if not "".join([str(i) for i in row]) == "":
         sheet.append(row)
   workbook.save(filename = "新 pdf.xlsx")

3. PDF 合并及页面的排序和旋转

3.1 分割及合并 pdf

① 拆分 pdf
一个“test.pdf”的文件，将其每一页存为一个 PDF 文件。

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(r"D:\PythonCode\test.pdf")
for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()):
   pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter()
   pdf_writer.addPage(pdf_reader.getPage(page))
   with open(f"D:\\PythonCode\\{page}.pdf", "wb") as out:
      pdf_writer.write(out)

② 合并 pdf
将被拆分的“test.pdf”文件重新合并为一个“merge.pdf”文件。

import os
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter()
for i in range(0,len(os.listdir(r"D:\PythonCode\test"))):
   print(i,i+1)
   pdf_reader = PdfFileReader("D:\\PythonCode\\test\{}.pdf".format(i,i+1))
   for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()):
      pdf_writer.addPage(pdf_reader.getPage(page))
with open("D:\\PythonCode\\test\merge.pdf", "wb") as out:
   pdf_writer.write(out)

3.2 旋转及排序 pdf

① 旋转 pdf

• .rotateClockwise(90 的倍数)：顺时针旋转 90 度
• .rotateCounterClockwise(90 的倍数)：逆时针旋转 90 度

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter 
pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(r"D:\PythonCode\49.pdf")
pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter() 
for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()): 
   if page % 2 == 0:
      rotation_page = pdf_reader.getPage(page).rotateCounterClockwise(90)
   else:
      rotation_page = pdf_reader.getPage(page).rotateClockwise(90)
   pdf_writer.addPage(rotation_page)
   with open("D:\\PythonCode\\旋转.pdf", "wb") as out:
      pdf_writer.write(out)
""" 
上述代码中，我们循环遍历了这个 pdf，对于偶数页我们逆时针旋转 90°，对于奇数页我
们顺时针旋转 90°； 注意：旋转的角度只能是 90 的倍数；
"""

② 排序 pdf

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter 
pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(r"D:\PythonCode\merge.pdf")
pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter()
for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()-1, -1, -1):
   pdf_writer.addPage(pdf_reader.getPage(page))
with open("D:\\PythonCode\\倒序.pdf", "wb") as out:
   pdf_writer.write(out)

4. pdf 批量加水印及加密、解密

4.1 批量加水印

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter 
from copy import copy
water = PdfFileReader(r"D:\PythonCode\水印.pdf")
water_page = water.getPage(0)
pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(r"D:\PythonCode\aa.pdf")
pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter()
for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()):
   my_page = pdf_reader.getPage(page)
   new_page = copy(water_page)
   new_page.mergePage(my_page)
   pdf_writer.addPage(new_page)
with open("D:\\PythonCode\\添加水印后的 aa.pdf", "wb") as out: pdf_writer.write(out)
""" 
这里有一点需要注意：进行 pdf 合并的时候，我们希望“水印”在下面，文字在上面，因
此 是“水印”.mergePage(“图片页”)
"""

4.2 批量加密、解密

① 加密 pdf

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(r"D:\PythonCode\test.pdf")
pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter() 
for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()): 
   pdf_writer.addPage(pdf_reader.getPage(page))
   # 添加密码
pdf_writer.encrypt("hy123456")
with open("D:\\PythonCode\\test.pdf", "wb") as out:
   pdf_writer.write(out)

② 解密 pdf 并保存为未加密的 pdf

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(r"D:\PythonCode\test.pdf")
pdf_reader.decrypt("hy123456")
pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter()
for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()):
   pdf_writer.addPage(pdf_reader.getPage(page))
with open("D:\\PythonCode\\未加密.pdf", "wb") as out:pdf_writer.write(out)