对象持久化

对象持久化：

1.扁平文件：

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# 写入数据
# with open('data.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
#     f.write(str(a))

# 读取数据
with open('data.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    le = eval(f.read())
    print(le)
    print(type(le))

2.pickle方法

import pickle

person = {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 20}
s = pickle.dumps(person)  # 将对象person序列化为字节字符串
# print(s)  # b'\x80\x03}q\x00(X\x04\x00\x00\x00nameq\x01X\x03\x00\x00\x00Tomq\x02X\x03\x00\x00\x00ageq\x03K\x14u.'
p = pickle.loads(s)
# print(p)  # {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 20}

pickle.dump(person, open('pickle_db', 'wb'))  # 将person序列化并写入文件（二进制）
p = pickle.load(open('pickle_db', 'rb'))  # 读入文件（二进制）
print(p)  # {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 20}

3.shelve方法

import shelve

person = {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 20}
db = shelve.open('shelve_person')  # 返回变量db，类似字典表数据结构使用方法
db['p'] = person  # 将person序列化存入

temp = db['p']  # 读出p对应的person，返回person数据给temp
print(temp)  # {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 20}
print(type(temp))  # <class 'dict'>

4.自定义类用shelve运用

import shelve


class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


def writr_shelve():
    s = Student('Tom', 20)
    db = shelve.open('shelve_stu')
    db['s'] = s
    db.close()


def read_shelve():
    db = shelve.open('shelve_stu')
    st = db['s']
    db.close()
    print(st)


writr_shelve()
read_shelve()  # Tom