TypeScript基础学习随笔1-定义类型

Typescript

1. 编译型语言
2. 强类型语言
3. 真正面向对象的语言

搭建开发环境

npm install -g typescrip
// 编译
tsc <filename>

1.字符串类型

let email:string = "123@qq.com"
// 想要方便点看效果可以直接通过node环境终端打印一下
console.log(email)
// 模版字符串
let msg:string = `my email is ${email}`

2.布尔类型

let isshow:boolean = false

3.数字类型

let age:number = 20
age = "19" // 报错，如下

4.数组类型

let list:number[] = [1,2,3,4]
// Array<T>

5.元组

let arr:[string,number] = ["aaa",10]

6.枚举

enum Weeks{Mon,Tue,Wed}
let day:Weeks = Weeks.Tue
console.log(day) // 1
console.log(Weeks[0]) // Mon
console.log(Weeks["Mon"]) // 0

7.Any(任何类型)

let x:any = "aaa"
x = 20

8.void 函数的返回值

function hello():void {
  console.log("hello")
}
// 类型若为number则会报错，因为返回的"hello"是个string类型
function hello1():string {
  return "hello"
}

9.undefined null

let x1:undefined = undefined
let x2:null = null

10.联合类型

// x3可以是数字可以是字符串可以是布尔值
let x3:number | string |boolean
x3 = true
// x3 = [1,2,3] // 报错

11.类型推论

let x4 = 4
// x4 = "123" // 报错 因为上面推论x4为number类型
let x5; // 此时推论x5为any类型

12.类型断言

let x6:any = "this is a string"
let strlength:number = x6.length
let strlength1:number = (<string>x6).length
let strlength2:number = (x6 as string).length
console.log(strlength,strlength1,strlength2) // 16 16 16