XML的生成和解析

XML解析的四种方式

• DOM

package leif;

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

public class Test {
   public static void main(String[] args){
        try {
            // 1、创建DocumentBuilder解析器
            DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();

            // 2、创建DOM对象
            Document document = documentBuilder.newDocument();
            document.setXmlStandalone(true);// 不显示standalone="no"

            // 3、创建元素节点
            Element bookStore = document.createElement("bookStore");
            Element book = document.createElement("book");
            Element name = document.createElement("name");

            // 4、创建属性节点
            book.setAttribute("id", "1");

            // 5、创建文本节点
            name.setTextContent("Java从入门到放弃");

            // 6、添加节点关系
            book.appendChild(name);
            bookStore.appendChild(book);
            document.appendChild(bookStore);

            // 7、创建Transformer转换器
            TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();

            // 8、设置转换格式
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");// 换行

            // 9、创建XML文件并写入内容
            transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\bookStore.xml")));
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

---

生成book3.xml如下：

• SAX

package com.zjc;

import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;

import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;

public class TestXml4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建TransformerHandler处理器
        SAXTransformerFactory saxTransformerFactory= (SAXTransformerFactory) SAXTransformerFactory.newInstance();
        TransformerHandler transformerHandler=saxTransformerFactory.newTransformerHandler();

        //2.创建Transformer转换器并设置转换格式
        Transformer transformer=transformerHandler.getTransformer();
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING,"UTF-8");//编码
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT,"yes");//换行

        //3.创建Result对象并连接XML文件
        Result result=new StreamResult(new FileOutputStream(new File("src/book4.xml")));

        //4.关联Result到TransformerHandler处理器
        transformerHandler.setResult(result);

        // 5、打开DOM对象
        transformerHandler.startDocument();

        // 6、创建属性列表
        AttributesImpl attributes=new AttributesImpl();

        // 7、创建元素节点和属性节点
        attributes.clear();
        transformerHandler.startElement(null,null,"bookStore",attributes);

        // 8、添加子节点和子节点的属性节点
        attributes.clear();
        attributes.addAttribute(null,null,"id",null,"1");
        transformerHandler.startElement(null,null,"book",attributes);
        attributes.clear();
        transformerHandler.startElement(null,null,"name",attributes);
        transformerHandler.characters("Java从入门到放弃".toCharArray(),0,"Java从入门到放弃".length());

        // 9、依次关闭节点
        transformerHandler.endElement(null,null,"name");
        transformerHandler.endElement(null,null,"book");
        transformerHandler.endElement(null,null,"bookstore");

        // 10、关闭DOM对象
        transformerHandler.endDocument();

    }
}

• JDOM

需导入jdom的jar包

package com.zjc;

import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.output.Format;
import org.jdom2.output.XMLOutputter;

import javax.xml.transform.ErrorListener;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TestXml5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建根节点
        Element root=new Element("bookstore");

        //2.创建DOM对象
        Document document=new Document(root);

        //3.创建子节点
        Element book=new Element("book");
        Element name=new Element("name");

        //4.创建属性节点
        book.setAttribute("id","1");

        //5.创建文本节点
        name.setText("Java从入门到精通");

        //6.添加节点到父节点
        book.setContent(name);
        root.setContent(book);

        //7.设置转换格式
        Format format=Format.getCompactFormat();
        format.setIndent("  ");//换行和缩进
        format.setEncoding("UTF-8");//编码

        //8.创建XMLOutputter转换器
        XMLOutputter xmlOutputter=new XMLOutputter(format);

        //9.转换成XML文件
        try {
            xmlOutputter.output(document,new FileOutputStream(new File("src/book5.xml")));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

• DOM4J

须导入dom4j的jar包

package com.zjc;


import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;

import javax.sql.rowset.spi.XmlWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.Writer;

public class TestXml2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    	//通过DocumentHelper生成一个Document对象
        Document doc=DocumentHelper.createDocument();

		//添加并得到根元素
        Element root = doc.addElement("books");
        
		//为根元素得到子元素
        Element book = root.addElement("book");
        
        //为book元素添加属性
        book.addAttribute("id","1");
        
		//为book元素添加子元素
        Element name = book.addElement("name");
        Element author = book.addElement("author");
        Element price = book.addElement("price");
		
		//为子元素添加文本
        name.addText("JAVA高级编程");
        author.addText("张三");
        price.addText("99.9");
		
		//Writer writer=new FileWriter(new File("src/book2.xml"));
		//doc.write(writer);
		//writer.close();
		//格式良好的输出xml文件
        OutputFormat prettyPrint = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
        XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(new File("src/book2.xml")),prettyPrint);
        writer.write(doc);
		
		//关闭资源
        writer.close();
    }
}

---

一般采用dom4j的方式比较多

解析XML文件

也需要导入dom4的jar包

package com.zjc;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestXml {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建SAXReader对象，用于读取XMl文件
        SAXReader reader=new SAXReader();

        //2.读取xml文件，得到Document对象
        Document document=reader.read(new File("src/scores.xml"));

        //3.获取根元素
        Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();

        //4.获取根元素下的所有子元素
        Iterator<Element> iterator = rootElement.elementIterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            //取出元素
            Element e=iterator.next();
            System.out.println(e.getName());
        }

    }
}

参考文献