Spring注解实现自动装配（一）（eclipse）
配置文件的实现：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<!--开启注解支持-->
<context:annotation-config/>
</beans>
需要导入的包
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-beans-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-aop-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar
注： 如果不导入“ spring-aop-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar ”包会导致报错。
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Unexpected exception parsing XML document from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/aop/TargetSource
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:414)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:252)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:127)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:93)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:613)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:514)
at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
at spring.pojo.Test.main(Test.java:9)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/aop/TargetSource
at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(AnnotationConfigUtils.java:154)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigBeanDefinitionParser.parse(AnnotationConfigBeanDefinitionParser.java:47)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport.parse(NamespaceHandlerSupport.java:74)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1411)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1401)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:172)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:142)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:94)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:508)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:392)
... 14 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.aop.TargetSource
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 24 more
@Autowired注解
1）可以在属性中使用 @Autowired 注释来除去 setter 方法。当时使用 为自动连接属性传递的时候，Spring 会将这些传递过来的值或者引用自动分配给那些属性。
配置文件
<bean id="cat" class="com.zhisheng.pojo.Cat" />
<bean id="dog" class="com.zhisheng.pojo.Dog" />
<bean id="people" class="com.zhisheng.pojo.People" />
实体类Cat
package com.zhisheng.pojo;
public class Cat {
public void shout() {
System.out.println("miaomiao");
}
}
实体类Dog
package com.zhisheng.pojo;
public class Dog {
public void shout() {
System.out.println("Wangwang");
}
}
实体类People
package com.zhisheng.pojo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class People {
@Autowired
private Dog dog;
@Autowired
private Cat cat;
private String name;
/*省略构造、getter、tostring方法*/
测试类
package com.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.zhisheng.pojo.People;
public class Test {
@org.junit.Test
public void test() {
ApplicationContext ctxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
People p = ctxt.getBean("people",People.class);
p.getCat().shout();
p.getDog().shout();
}
}
2）在setter 方法中使用 @Autowired 注释来除去xml中的元素。当 Spring遇到一个在 setter 方法中使用的 @Autowired 注释，它会在方法中视图执行 byType 自动连接。
package com.zhisheng.pojo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class People {
private Dog dog;
private Cat cat;
private String name;
public People() {
}
public People(Dog dog,Cat cat,String name) {
this.cat=cat;
this.dog=dog;
this.name=name;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
@Autowired
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
public Cat getCat() {
return cat;
}
@Autowired
public void setCat(Cat cat) {
this.cat = cat;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
3)构造函数中@Autowired：在构造函数中使用 @Autowired。一个构造函数 @Autowired 说明当创建 bean 时，即使在 XML 文件中没有使用 元素配置 bean ，构造函数也会被自动连接。
4）@Autowired（required=false）
默认情况下，@Autowired 注释意味着依赖是必须的，它类似于 @Required 注释，然而，你可以使用 @Autowired 的（required=false） 选项关闭默认行为。
例如：在下面的People类中即使不设置cat和dog的值也会运行成功。（同理也可在属性上注释）
People实体类
package com.zhisheng.pojo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class People {
private Dog dog;
private Cat cat;
private String name;
public People() {
}
public People(Dog dog,Cat cat,String name) {
this.cat=cat;
this.dog=dog;
this.name=name;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
@Autowired(required=false)
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
public Cat getCat() {
return cat;
}
@Autowired(required=false)
public void setCat(Cat cat) {
this.cat = cat;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.lang.Object#toString()
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return "People [dog=" + dog + ", cat=" + cat + ", name=" + name + ", getDog()=" + getDog() + ", getCat()="
+ getCat() + ", getName()=" + getName() + ", getClass()=" + getClass() + ", hashCode()=" + hashCode()
+ ", toString()=" + super.toString() + "]";
}
}
配置文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="people" class="com.zhisheng.pojo.People">
<property name="name" value="123"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试类
package com.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.zhisheng.pojo.People;
public class Test {
@org.junit.Test
public void test() {
ApplicationContext ctxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
People p = ctxt.getBean("people",People.class);
System.out.println(p.getName());
System.out.println(p.toString());
}
}
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