MyBatis——基础部分

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-09 11:02:02 发布

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分类专栏： mysql sql Mybatis 文章标签： maven java spring boot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44408913/article/details/125092065

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一、获取MyBatis

maven仓库：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
  <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
  <version>x.x.x</version>
</dependency>

Github：https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3/releases
中文文档：https://mybatis.net.cn/getting-started.html

二、环境搭建

1.数据库搭建

CREATE TABLE `user` ( 
`id` INT ( 20 ) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, 
`name` VARCHAR ( 30 ) DEFAULT NULL,
`pwd` VARCHAR ( 30 ) DEFAULT NULL 
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT charset = utf8

insert into `user` (`id`,`name`,`pwd`) values
(1,'chenyu','123456'),
(2,'cy','123456'),
(3,'admin','123456')

2.新建Maven项目

删除src文件夹，编写父项目的pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!--  父工程  -->
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>myBatis</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!--  导入依赖  -->
    <dependencies>
        <!--   MySQL     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--   MyBatis     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--   junit     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.创建一个模块

编写核心配置文件 mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!-- 核心配置文件 -->
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <!-- 低版本 -->
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <!-- 高版本 -->
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="123456"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
</configuration>

编写mybatis工具类

package com.chen.utils;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.jdbc.SQL;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

//sqlSessionFactory --> sqlSession
public class MybatisUtils {

    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    static {
        try {
            // 使用Mybatis第一步：获取sqlSessionFactory
            String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 既然有了SqlSessionFactory，顾名思义，我们就可以从中获得SqlSession的实例
    // SqlSession 完全包含了面向数据库执行SQL命令所需的所有方法。
    public static SqlSession getSqlSession() {
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }
}

4.编写代码

实体类（pojo）

package com.chen.pojo;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Dao接口（dao）

package com.chen.mapper;

import com.chen.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;

public interface userMapper {
    List<User> getUserList();
}

接口实现类（Mapper.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace=绑定一个对应的Dao或者Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.chen.mapper.UserMapper">
    <!--  查询语句  -->
    <!--  id=方法名  -->
    <select id="getUserList" resultType="com.chen.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
</mapper>

5.测试

在src/test/java里面创建测试类

package com.chen.dao;

import com.chen.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.chen.pojo.User;
import com.chen.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

public class UserMapperTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        // 1.获得SqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        try {
            // 方式一：getMapper
            // 2.获得Mapper
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            // 3.执行SQL
            List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
            // 方式二：
            // List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("com.chen.mapper.UserMapper.getUserList");
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user.toString());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 4.关闭SqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
}

注意点：绑定异常

org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException:
Type interface com.chen.mapper.UserMapper is not known to the MapperRegistry.

MapperRegistry 不知道类型接口 com.chen.mapper.UserMapper。

解决方法：mybatis-config.xml中注册Mapper

<!--  每一个Mapper.XML都需要在Mybatis核心配置文件注册  -->
<mappers>
   <mapper resource="com/chen/mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>

注册了但是扫描不到mapper的文件需要在配置文件中添加扫描配置

解决方法：pom.xml增加配置

<!--  添加扫描配置  -->
<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
    <!-- UTF-8配置问题 -->
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

三、SQL基本操作

1.namespace

namespace中的包名要和Dao/mapper接口包名一致

2.select

选择，查询语句；

id：对应namespace接口中的方法名
parameterType：参数类型
resultType：返回值类型，可以是class也可以是基本数据类型。

3.Insert

<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.chen.pojo.User">
  insert into mybatis.user (id,name,pwd) value (#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
</insert>

4.Update

<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.chen.pojo.User">
    update mybatis.user
    set name = #{name},pwd = #{pwd}
    where id = #{id};
</update>

5.Delete

<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="java.lang.Integer">
    delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</delete>

6.测试

注意：增删改需要提交事务，否则所做操作无效

package com.chen.dao;

import com.chen.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.chen.pojo.User;
import com.chen.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class UserMapperTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        // 1.获得SqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        try {
            // 方式一：getMapper
            // 2.获得Mapper
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            // 3.执行SQL
            List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
            // 方式二：
            // List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("com.chen.mapper.UserMapper.getUserList");
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user.toString());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 4.关闭SqlSession
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetUserById() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testAddUser() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        int row = mapper.addUser(new User(5, "zhang", "123456"));
        if (row > 0) {
            System.out.println("增加成功!");
        }
        sqlSession.commit();
        sqlSession.close();
        this.test();
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdateUser() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        int row = mapper.updateUser(new User(2, "chen", "123456"));
        if (row > 0) {
            System.out.println("修改成功！");
        }
        sqlSession.commit();
        this.test();
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeleteUser() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        int row = mapper.deleteUser(1);
        if (row > 0) {
            System.out.println("删除成功！");
        }
        sqlSession.commit();
        this.test();
    }


}

四、SQL进阶操作

1.万能Map

好处：不受字段限制就能进行数据操作

/**
 * 根据条件Map获取用户
 * @param map 条件
 * @return 用户
 */
List<User> getUserByMap(Map<String,Object> map);

<select id="getUserByMap" parameterType="map" resultType="com.chen.pojo.User">
    select * from mybatis.user
    <where>
        <if test="userId!=null">
            id = #{userId}
        </if>
        <if test="userName != null">
            and name like "%"#{userName}"%"
        </if>
        <if test="userPassword != null">
            and pwd = #{userPassword}
        </if>
    </where>
</select>

@Test
public void testGetUserByMap() {
    SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
    UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    map.put("userPassword", "123456");
    map.put("userName", "z");
    List<User> userList = mapper.getUserByMap(map);
    System.out.println(userList.toString());
    sqlSession.close();
}

2.模糊查询

方式一：写死，好处是用户不能随便进行更多操作

name like "%"#{userName}"%"

方式二：放开，用户可以通过不同的字符集进行不同的操作效果

map.put("userName", "%z%");

name like #{userName}

3.#{}使用

MyBatis处理 #{ } 占位符，使用的 JDBC 对象是 PreparedStatement 对象，执行sql语句的效率更高。
使用 PreparedStatement 对象，能够避免 sql 注入，使得sql语句的执行更加安全。
#{ } 常常作为列值使用，位于sql语句中等号的右侧；
#{ } 位置的值与数据类型是相关的。

4.${}使用

MyBatis处理 ${ } 占位符，执行sql语句的效率相对于 #{ } 占位符要更低。
${ } 占位符的值，使用的是字符串连接的方式，有 sql 注入的风险，同时也存在代码安全的问题。
${ } 占位符中的数据是原模原样的，不会区分数据类型。
${ } 占位符常用作表名或列名，这里推荐在能保证数据安全的情况下使用 ${ }。

/**
 * 自定义获取User
 * @return 用户集合
 */
List<User> getUserWhere(String where);

<select id="getUserWhere" resultType="com.chen.pojo.User">
    select *
    from mybatis.user
    where ${where}
</select>

@Test
public void testGetUserWhere() {
    SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
    UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    List<User> userList = mapper.getUserWhere("id = 1");
    System.out.println(userList.toString());
    sqlSession.close();
}

}。

/**
 * 自定义获取User
 * @return 用户集合
 */
List<User> getUserWhere(String where);

<select id="getUserWhere" resultType="com.chen.pojo.User">
    select *
    from mybatis.user
    where ${where}
</select>

@Test
public void testGetUserWhere() {
    SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
    UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    List<User> userList = mapper.getUserWhere("id = 1");
    System.out.println(userList.toString());
    sqlSession.close();
}