TypeScript实用工具类型

分享几种实用的工具类型，分别是：Partial、Required、Pick、Omit、Exclude、Readonly、Record

Partial

生成一个新的类型，所有属性与原类型的属性相同，但都为可选项

interface IUser1 {
  name: string;
  age: number;
  gender: number;
}
type IUser2 = Partail<IUser1>

相当于
interface IUser2 {
  name?: string;
  age?: number;
  gender?: number;
}

原理
type Partial<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]?: T[P];
};

Required

与Partial相反，生成的新数组，所有属性与原属性相同，都是必选项

interface IUser1 {
  name: string;
  age?: number;
  gender?: number;
}
type IUser2 = Required<IUser1>

相当于
interface IUser2 {
  name: string;
  age: number;
  gender: number;
}

Pick

从类型A中挑出一些属性，生成类型B

interface A {
	name: string;
	age: number;
	gender: number;
}
type B = Pick<A, 'name' | 'age'>

等同于
interface B {
	name: string;
	age: number;
}
原理
type Pick<T, K extends keyof T> = {
    [P in K]: T[P];
};

Omit

类型A中除了指定属性之外的所有属性，生成一个新类型

interface A {
	name: string;
	age: number;
	gender: number;
}
type B = Omit<A, 'gender'>

等同于
interface B {
	name: string;
	age: number;
}
原理
type Omit<T, K extends keyof any> = Pick<T, Exclude<keyof T, K>>;

Exclude

将类型A中属于类型B的属性移除掉

type T0 = Exclude<"a" | "b" | "c", "a">; // "b" | "c"
type T1 = Exclude<"a" | "b" | "c", "a" | "b">; // "c"
type T2 = Exclude<string | number | (() => void), Function>; // string | number

原理
type Exclude<T, U> = T extends U ? never : T;

Readonly

将某个类型的所有属性都变成只读属性，意味着这些属性不能被重新赋值

interface Todo {
 title: string;
}
 
const todo: Readonly<Todo> = {
 title: "Delete inactive users"
};
 
todo.title = "Hello"; 
// Error: cannot reassign a readonly property 

原理
type Readonly<T> = {
 readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P];
}; 

Record

将类型A的所有属性转变成类型B

type A = 'home' | 'about' | 'content';

interface B {
	titile: string
}

const x: Record<A,B> = {
	about: { title: "about" },
	contact: { title: "contact" },
	home: { title: "home" },
}

原理
type Record<K extends keyof any, T> = {
    [P in K]: T;
};