Ansible的安装

1.先决条件

• 确保存在OpenSSH；
• 确保Python的版本；
• 管理节点需要安装Ansible，被管理节点不需要安装Ansible。

2.安装方式

• yum方式

[root@master~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@master~]# yum install ansible -y

• pip方式

[root@master~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@master~]# yum install python2-pip
[root@master~]# pip install ansible

3.查看版本

[root@master ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.27
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg            #配置文件
  configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']     #模块路径
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible     #执行命令的路径
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Oct 14 2020, 14:45:30) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)]      #使用的python版本

4.管理节点和被管理节点建立ssh信任关系

• 管理节点（ansible）创建密钥对

[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):     #回车
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):      #回车
Enter same passphrase again:      #回车
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:KTRAZIYdlC9P9i3jjx0vD0FvBa7TMGSCuqxdYbD0uyQ root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   *Oo .. o .    |
|  .o=..  + . .   |
|   . *o   + . .  |
|    +.B. o * .   |
|   . B.+S.+ +    |
|    E =.+ .+     |
|   o + o oo      |
|  . . . .o.+     |
|        ..ooo    |
+----[SHA256]-----+

• 将本地公钥传输被管理节点
  1. 如果只有一个被管理节点：

[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id root@10.0.128.171    #被管理节点IP地址
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '10.0.128.171 (10.0.128.171)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:T+SOOfRX7ES7g0Qv3xdCyuiODADig0aK/AU74iGuY9M.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:5a:47:ee:c5:6c:78:68:b7:bc:22:76:d1:4f:ef:f8:19.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@10.0.128.171's password:     #被管理节点主机密码

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@10.0.128.171'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

5.测试

[root@master ~]# ssh root@10.0.128.171
Last login: Sun Apr 23 10:47:03 2023 from 10.0.255.2