postgreSql10相关sql练习50题

已于 2023-12-05 11:03:10 修改
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前言

如果你有不一样实现方式，请留言题号和内容。

环境准备

t_course表

CREATE TABLE public.t_course (
	cid varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	cname varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	tid varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT t_course_pkey PRIMARY KEY (cid)
);

INSERT INTO public.t_course (cid,cname,tid) VALUES
('01','语文','02'),('02','数学','01'),('03','英语','03');

t_score表

CREATE TABLE public.t_score (
	sid varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	cid varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	score numeric(18, 1) NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT t_score_pkey PRIMARY KEY (sid, cid)
);
INSERT INTO public.t_score (sid,cid,score) VALUES
('01','02',90.0),('01','01',80.0),('01','03',99.0),
('02','02',60.0),('02','01',70.0),('02','03',80.0),
('03','01',80.0),('03','02',80.0),('03','03',80.0),
('04','01',50.0);
INSERT INTO public.t_score (sid,cid,score) VALUES
('04','02',30.0),('04','03',20.0),('05','01',76.0),
('05','02',87.0),('06','01',31.0),('06','03',34.0),
('07','02',90.0),('07','03',98.0);

t_student

CREATE TABLE public.t_student (
	sid varchar(6) NOT NULL,
	sname varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	sage timestamp NULL,
	ssex varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT t_student_pkey PRIMARY KEY (sid),
	CONSTRAINT t_student_ssex_check CHECK ((((ssex)::text = '男'::text) OR ((ssex)::text = '女'::text)))
);

INSERT INTO public.t_student (sid,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES
('01','赵雷','1990-05-18 00:00:00','男'),('02','钱电','1990-05-24 00:00:00','男'),
('03','孙风','1990-05-20 00:00:00','男'),('04','李云','1990-05-25 00:00:00','男'),
('05','周梅','1991-12-01 00:00:00','女'),('06','吴兰','1992-01-01 00:00:00','女'),
('07','郑竹','1989-10-31 00:00:00','女'),('08','张三','2017-12-20 00:00:00','女'),
('09','李四','2017-12-25 00:00:00','女'),('10','王五','2021-09-14 00:00:00','女');
INSERT INTO public.t_student (sid,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES
('11','赵六','2013-09-13 00:00:00','女'),('12','孙七','2014-10-01 00:00:00','女');

t_teacher

CREATE TABLE public.t_teacher (
	tid varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	tname varchar(10) NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT t_teacher_pkey PRIMARY KEY (tid)
);

INSERT INTO public.t_teacher (tid,tname) VALUES
('01','张三'),('02','李四'),('03','王五');

注意

MySQL 可以使用单引号（‘）或者双引号（"）表示值，但是 PG 只能用单引号（’）表示值。
PG 的双引号（“）是表示系统标识符的，比如表名或者字段名。MySQL可以使用反单引号（`）表示系统标识符，比如表名、字段名，PG 也是不支持的。
MySQL 可以使用单引号（'）或者双引号（”）表示值，但是 PG 只能用单引号（'）表示值。
PG 的双引号（"）是表示系统标识符的，比如表名或者字段名。MySQL可以使用反单引号（`）表示系统标识符，比如表名、字段名，PG 也是不支持的。

开始练习

1.查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

with data_01 as (select sid,score from t_score ts1  where cid = '01'),
     data_02 as (select sid,score from t_score ts2  where cid = '02')
 select ts.*,d1.score from t_student ts, data_01 d1 , data_02 d2 
 where 
 	d1.sid = d2.sid 
 	and  d1.score > d2.score
 	and  ts.sid = d1.sid;

2.查询同时存在" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的情况

with data_01 as (select sid,score from t_score ts1  where cid = '01'),
     data_02 as (select sid,score from t_score ts2  where cid = '02')
 select ts.* from t_student ts, data_01 d1 , data_02 d2 
 where 
 	d1.sid = d2.sid 
 	and  ts.sid = d1.sid;

3.查询存在" 01 “课程，但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

with data_01 as (select sid,score from t_score ts1  where cid = '01'),
     data_02 as (select sid,score from t_score ts2  where cid = '02')
   select 
 	  d1.sid   as sid,
	  d1.score as "01",
	  d2.score as "02"
   from 
		data_01 as d1 left join data_02 as d2 on d1.sid = d2.sid;

4.查询不存在" 01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的情况

select ts.sid,ts.cid ,ts.score from t_score ts 
where 
	cid  = '02'
	and sid not in (select sid from t_score ts1  where cid = '01')

5.查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

select st.*,sid_avg.avger as "avg" from 
	t_student st ,
	(select ts.sid,round(sum(score)/3,1) as avger from t_score ts group by ts.sid) sid_avg
where 
	st.sid  = sid_avg.sid and sid_avg.avger >= 60
	order  by "avg" asc;

6.查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息.

select * from t_student ts 
where sid in (select distinct sid from t_score ts)

7.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和

select 
	ts2.*,lo.num,lo.avger 
from 
	t_student ts2  
left join
	(select ts.sid,count(1) as num,round(sum(score)/3,1) as avger 
		from t_score ts  
			group by ts.sid
	) lo
	on
	   ts2.sid  = lo.sid;

8.显示没选课的学生(显示为NULL)

select * from t_student ts  where ts.sid  not in (select sid from t_score ts group by sid order by sid)

9.查有成绩的学生信息

select * 
from t_student
where 
	sid not in(select distinct sid from t_score)

参照表 (小表in 大表 exists)

10.查询「李」姓老师的数量

select count(*) from (select tid from t_teacher where tname like '李%') as tech;

11.查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

– 拿到老师tid
– 通过tid拿到相关的cid
– 遍历t_score 通过cid 拿到sid
– 通过sid拿到所有信息

with cid_col as (select cid from t_course tc where tc.tid in 
					(select tid from t_teacher where tname = '张三'))
	select * from t_student ts 
	inner join (select sid from t_score where t_score.cid in (select cid from cid_col)) as sid_col
	on sid_col.sid = ts.sid

12.查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

– 获取课程数量
– 获取选课表 选出未全选名单
– 通过名单查询学生信息

select ts2.* from t_student ts2  
inner join 
	(	select sid from t_score ts group by sid
		having count(cid)  < (select count(*) from t_course) 
	) res_col
	on res_col .sid  = ts2.sid ;

13.查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息()

– 先查看01同学 课程集合 cid_col_01
– 其他同学 看看自己在不在这个集合中

 select distinct t_student.sid,t_student.sname,t_student.sage,t_student.ssex from t_student inner join 
 (
 	select t_score.sid from t_score 
 	where t_score.cid in (select cid from t_score where sid = '01')
 )	sid_col
 on sid_col.sid = t_student.sid;

14.查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

https://www.cnblogs.com/bangbangzoutianya/p/15158490.html

SELECT * FROM t_student WHERE sid <>‘01’ AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM t_score as t1 WHERE sid = ‘01’ AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM
t_score as t2 WHERE t2.sid = t_student.sid AND t1.cid = t2.cid ))

15.查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

– 先查张三老师所有课程
–先查老师 tid
–通过tid 查到cid
–通过成绩表找到所有有学过的
–排除这些学过的

with cid_col as 
	(select cid from t_course where tid  in (select tid from t_teacher where tname = '张三'))
    select * from t_student 
    where sid not in(
    	select sid from t_score where cid in (select cid from cid_col)
    );

16.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

select t_student.sid,t_student.sname,avg(score) from t_student  
inner join t_score 
on t_student.sid  = t_score.sid 
group by t_student.sid having count(score < 60 or score = null) >= 2

select t_student.sid,t_student.sname,avg(score) from t_student  
inner join t_score 
on t_student.sid  = t_score.sid where t_score.score < 60
group by t_student.sid having count(*) >= 2

17.检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

– t_course 找到01课程的cid
– 通过cid 找到 t_score 中 sid

select ts.*,cid_score_lo.score as score from  t_student ts 
inner join  
	(select sid,score from t_score ts2 where cid 
		in (select cid from t_course where cid = '01')
	)cid_score_lo
	on 
		cid_score_lo.sid = ts.sid 
	and
	    cid_score_lo.score < 60
	order by score desc

18.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT sid,
	MAX(CASE WHEN cid='01' THEN score ELSE 0 END)"语文",
	MAX(CASE WHEN cid='02' THEN score ELSE 0 END)"数学",
	MAX(CASE WHEN cid='03' THEN score ELSE 0 END)"英语",
    round(sum(score)/3,1) "平均成绩"
FROM t_score
GROUP BY sid
ORDER BY "平均成绩" DESC

19.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分

以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

select
	ts.cid,
	max(tc.cname) "名称",
	max(ts.score) "最高分",
	min(ts.score) "最低分",
	round(sum(ts.score) / count(ts.sid),1) "平均分",
	sum(case when ts.score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)  "及格率",
	sum(case when ts.score >= 70 and ts.score <80 then 1 else 0 end)  "中等率",
	sum(case when ts.score >= 80 and ts.score <90 then 1 else 0 end)  "优良率",
	sum(case when ts.score >= 90 then 1 else 0 end)  "优秀率",
	count(sid) "课程人数"
from t_score ts 
left join t_course tc 
on ts.cid = tc.cid
group by ts.cid
order by "课程人数",cid;

20.按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺

select cid, sid, score,(select count(*) from t_score where cid = ts.cid and score > ts.score) + 1 rank
from t_score ts order by cid, score desc;

21.查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺

select sid,sum(score),dense_rank() over(order by sum(score) desc) from 
 t_score group by sid;

22.统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，（85-70]，（70-60]，（60-0] 及所占百分比

select 
	ts.cid,
	max(tc.cname),
	sum(case when score >= 85 then 1 else 0 end) "[100-85]",
	sum(case when score >= 70 and score < 85 then 1 else 0 end) "(85-70]",
	sum(case when score >= 60 and score < 70 then 1 else 0 end) "(70-60]",
	sum(case when score < 60 then 1 else 0 end) "(60-0]"
from t_score ts 
left join t_course tc 
on ts.cid = tc.cid
group by ts.cid

23. 查询没选全课程的学生

with course_num as(select count(*) from t_course)
	,sid_col as (select distinct sid from t_score)
	,extra_col as (select distinct sid from t_score group by sid having count(sid) = (select * from course_num) )
select * from t_student ts where sid not in (select * from sid_col)
or sid not in (select * from extra_col)
order by sid

24.查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select ts.cid,max(tc.cname),count(ts.sid) from t_score ts left join t_course tc on ts.cid = tc.cid group by ts.cid ;

25.查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

select  
	ts2.sid,
	ts2.sname,
	ri.num
from t_student ts2 
right join 
	(select ts.sid,count(*) as num from t_score ts group by ts.sid having count(*) = 2) ri
on ri.sid = ts2.sid

26.查询男生、女生人数

select ssex,count(*) as num from t_student group by ssex ;

27.查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

select * from t_student where sname like '%风%';

28.查询同名学生名单，并统计同名人数

select sname,count(*) from t_student  group by sname having count(*) > 1;

29.查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

select * from t_student  where date_part('year',sage) = '1990'  
select * from t_student  where extract(year from sage) = '1990'

30.查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

select cid,avg(score)av_s from t_score ts group by cid order by av_s desc,cid asc;

31.查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

select 
	ts.sid,
	ts.sname,
	ri.avs
from t_student ts 
right join (select sid,avg(score) avs from t_score ts group by sid having avg(score) >=85 ) ri
	on ri.sid = ts.sid

32.查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

select 
	ts.sid,ts2.sname,ts.score 
from t_score ts 
inner join t_student ts2 on ts2.sid  = ts.sid 
and ts.score < 60 and ts.cid in (select cid from t_course  where cname ='数学')

33.查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况

select 
	ts.*,
	ri."语文",
	ri."数学",
	ri."英语"
from t_student ts 
left join 
        (select ts2.sid,	
	        max(case when ts2.cid = '01' then score else null end) "语文",
			max(case when ts2.cid = '02' then score else null end) "数学",
			max(case when ts2.cid = '03' then score else null end) "英语"
		from t_score ts2 group by ts2.sid) ri
on ts.sid  = ri.sid

34.查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

select 
	ts.sid,
	ts.sname,
	ri."语文",
	ri."数学",
	ri."英语"
from t_student ts 
inner join 
(select 
	ts2.sid,	
	max(case when ts2.cid = '01' then score else null end) "语文",
	max(case when ts2.cid = '02' then score else null end) "数学",
	max(case when ts2.cid = '03' then score else null end) "英语"
from t_score ts2 group by ts2.sid) ri
on ri.sid = ts.sid and ri."语文" >=70 and  ri."数学" >=70 and ri."英语" >=70

35.查询存在不及格的课程

select cid from t_score ts group by cid having min(score) < 60

36.查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名

select 
	ts2.sid,ts2.sname 
from 
	t_student ts2 
right join	
(select sid from t_score ts where ts.cid = '01' and ts.score >=80) ri
on ri.sid = ts2.sid

37.求每门课程的学生人数

select cid,count(*) from t_score group by cid;

38.成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

with cid_col as (select cid from t_course where tid in 
					(select tid from t_teacher where tname = '张三'))
select ts.*,ri.score from t_student ts
inner join (select sid,score from t_score where  cid in (select * from cid_col))ri 
on ri.sid = ts.sid
order by ri.score desc limit 1

select 
	t_student.*,
	t_score.score 
from t_course,t_score,t_student,t_teacher
where 
	t_teacher.tname = '张三'
	and t_teacher.tid = t_course.tid 
	and t_course.cid = t_score.cid 
	and t_score.sid = t_student.sid
order by t_score.score desc limit 1

39.成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

select lef.sid,lef.sname,lef.score from 
(
	select 
		t_student.*,
		t_score.score,
		t_score.cid 
	from t_course,t_score,t_student,t_teacher
	where
		t_teacher.tname = '张三'
		and t_teacher.tid = t_course.tid 
		and t_course.cid = t_score.cid 
		and t_score.sid = t_student.sid
) lef
inner join 
	(select cid,max(score) max_sc from t_score group by cid) rig
on 	
	 lef.cid = rig.cid 
	and
	 lef.score = rig.max_sc

40.查询不同课程，成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

select ts1.sid,ts1.cid,ts1.score from t_score ts1
inner join t_score ts2
on ts2.cid = ts1.cid  and ts1.sid<> ts2.sid and ts1.score = ts2.score 
group by ts1.cid,ts1.sid
order by cid

41.查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

(select * from t_score where cid = '01' order by score desc limit 2)
union 
(select * from t_score where cid = '02' order by score desc limit 2)
union 
(select * from t_score where cid = '03' order by score desc limit 2)
order by cid

select ts1.sid,ts1.cid,ts1.score from t_score ts1
left join t_score ts2
on ts2.cid = ts1.cid and ts1.score < ts2.score 
group by ts1.sid,ts1.cid 
having count(ts1.sid) < 2
order by cid

42.统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）

select cid,count(*) as num from t_score group by cid having count(*) > 5 order by cid

43.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

select sid,count(*) as num from t_score group by sid having count(*) >= 2 order by sid

44.查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

with nu as (select count(*) from t_course tc)
select sid,count(*) as num from t_score group by sid having count(*) >= (select * from nu) order by sid

45.查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算

select sname,to_number( to_char(current_date,'yyyy'), '9999') - to_number(to_char(sage,'yyyy'), '9999') as "年份" from t_student order by "年份"

46.按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一

select sname,extract ("year" from age(sage))as "年龄" from t_student order by "年龄"
select sname,date_part ('year',age(sage))as "年龄" from t_student order by "年龄"

47.查询本月过生日的学生

select sname,to_char(sage,'yyyy-mm-dd') from t_student where to_number( to_char(current_date,'mm'), '99') - to_number(to_char(sage,'mm'), '99') = 0

48.查询下月过生日的学生

select sname,to_char(sage,'yyyy-mm-dd') from t_student where to_number( to_char(current_date,'mm'), '99') - to_number(to_char(sage,'mm'), '99') = -1

49.查询出生日期是1990年5月18号到25号的学生

一般不使用between and语句

select * from t_student ts where
ts.sage >= cast(concat('1990-05-18', ' 00:00:00')as timestamp) 
and 
ts.sage <= cast(concat('1990-05-25', ' 23:59:59')as timestamp)

如果是xml需要<![CDATA[内容]]> 修饰

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探索 PostgreSQL 数据库练习平台：pgExercises 项目地址:https://gitcode.com/AlisdairO/pgexercises 在数据驱动的世界里，掌握数据库技能至关重要，特别是对于 PostgreSQL 这样的强大开源关系型数据库而言。如果你正在寻找一个提升 PostgreSQL 技能、加深 SQL 理解的平台，那么 pgExercises 就是一个理想的选择...
PGSQL常见的问题
04-05
整合了一些常见的易出错的问题，为PGSQL学习提供了参考。
练习3：distinct关键字去重、子查询、in关键字
YouMing_Li的博客
04-24 284
3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息 关键词分析： sc表中存在成绩、学生信息 第一步： 锁定表为sc表和student表。 第二步： 我们可以先用Sid查出到底sc表中包含了哪些学生的成绩信息，注意用distinct关键字去重。 SELECT DISTINCT Sid FROM sc ; 第三步： 既然现在已经知道了哪些Sid的学生在sc表中有成绩，那么就只需要去student学生表中查出这些Sid对应的学生信息就行了，用in关键字即可。 SELECT * FROM student
收集一些PostgreSQL的题目
分享技术，享受生活
03-20 1109
关于PostgreSQL的一些面试题
postgresql 练习题（二）
qq_44243729的博客
03-18 1091
显示部门编号、部门名字、该部门的员工数、每个部门的平均工资，部门负责人信息，包括姓名、薪水、职业；平均工资保留2位小数，千分位分隔符显示；结果按部门升序 select employee.department_id,employee.employees, to_char(employee.avg_sal,'99,999.00') as avg_sal, department_name,manager.job_id,manager.last_name,manager.salary from (select..
sql练习题.pdf
08-20
⽹网上流传较⼴广的50道SQL训练，奋⽃斗了了不不知道多久终于写完了了。前18道题的难度依次 递增，从19题开始的后半部分算是循环练习和额外function的附加练习，难度恢复到普 通状态。
PostgreSQL DBA认证 PGCE-E-092-中级SQL题目
08-26
"PostgreSQL DBA认证 PGCE-E-092-中级SQL题目" PostgreSQL DBA认证 PGCE-E-092-中级SQL题目 PostgreSQL DBA认证PGCE-E-092-中级SQL题目是一个测试SQL掌握程度的题目，涵盖了PostgreSQL数据库管理系统的各种知识点...
pgsql (PostgreSQL)pg数据库一键安装脚本
12-27
自己写的初始化一键安装pg数据库脚本，喜欢的可以拿去用
课程信息查询
02-16
查询功能代码（包括普通查询和全部查询）：protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DataBS(ds, strsql); GridView1.DataSource = ds.Tables["table"]; GridView1.DataBind(); DropDownList1.SelectedValue = "不限"; DropDownList2.SelectedValue = "不限"; DropDownList3.SelectedValue = "不限"; DropDownList4.SelectedValue = "不限"; DropDownList5.SelectedValue = "不限"; Label8.Text = "查询结果： 共" + ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count + "条记录"; } protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string str = ""; string str1 = ""; if (DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Text != "不限") str += " and CourseGrade='" + DropDownList1.SelectedValue + "'"; if (DropDownList2 .SelectedItem .Text !="不限") str +=" and CourseTerm='" + DropDownList2.SelectedValue + "'"; if (DropDownList3.SelectedItem.Text != "不限") str += " and CourseSort='" + DropDownList3.SelectedValue + "'"; if (DropDownList4.SelectedItem.Text != "不限") str += " and SpecialtyDirection='" + DropDownList4.SelectedValue + "'"; if (DropDownList5.SelectedItem.Text != "不限") str += " and CourseTeacher='" + DropDownList5.SelectedValue + "'"; if (str != "") { str1 = str.Substring(5); strsql += " where " + str1; } DataSet ds = new DataSet(); DataBS(ds, strsql); if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count != 0) { GridView1.DataSource = ds.Tables["table"]; GridView1.DataBind(); } else { Response.Write("<script language=JavaScript>alert('没有符合条件的记录！');</script>"); GridView1.Visible = true ; } Label8.Text = "查询结果： 共" + ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count + "条记录"; }
PostgreSQL 进阶 - 插入订单记录SQL
10-30
插入客户记录SQL
postgresql测试题_PostgreSQL练习
weixin_39996496的博客
12-22 1318
学生表 Studentcreate table Student(Sid varchar(6), Sname varchar(10), Sage datetime, Ssex varchar(10));insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' ...
「PostgreSQL」PostgreSQL问题汇总, Pgsql问题汇总 (持续更新)
阿航的技术小站
07-19 5798
使用了较长时间的PosgreSQL, 发现这个数据库非常好用, 中间也碰到了许多奇葩问题, 在这里先分类汇总一下. cannot extract elements from an object 直译: 不能从对象中提取元素 检查: SQL语句对应查询的字段是否格式与数据相对应. 例如: 数据库字段类型为jsonb, 但是实际数据为非jsonb的类型, 使用提取就会出问题. No ...
PostgreSQL生成测试数据
ASIN的专栏
09-24 5674
创建测试表CREATE TABLE test ( id integer, test integer ) WITH ( OIDS=FALSE ); ALTER TABLE test OWNER TO postgres;插入数据插入100w行值为0-1000的数据，-- 插入100w行记录 insert into test SELECT generate_series(1,1000000
PostgreSql学习整合笔记
HeartIsland的博客
07-04 1289
PostgreSql 一、概念 PostgreSQL是一个关系数据库管理系统（RDBMS）。这意味着它是一个用于管理存储在关系中的数据的系统。关系本质上是表的数学术语。将数据存储在表中的概念在今天是如此普遍，以至于它看起来本质上是显而易见的，但是还有许多其他组织数据库的方法。类Unix操作系统上的文件和目录构成了分层数据库的一个例子。更现代的开发是面向对象的数据库。 每个表都是命名的行集合。...
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