@Autowired

介绍

在服务启动的时候，实现bean的依赖注入。

使用

加在构造函数上

• 当一个对象只有一个构造方法时，Spring在实例化对象时会默认选择该构造方法来进行实例化，无需添加@Autowired注解；只有存在多个构造方法时，才需要通过添加@Autowired注解的方式来告诉Spring应当选择哪个构造方法来进行实例化；
• 如果构造方法上带有了@Autowired注解，那么即使该构造方法不是public修饰的，也可以被实例化；
• 实例化带参数的构造方法时，Spring会先实例化构造方法中参数对象。

1. 情景一：

@Component
public class AnnoAutowiredService {
   private OrderService orderService;
   public Map<String, OrderService> orderServiceMap;
   protected List<OrderService> orderServiceList;

   public AnnoAutowiredService(OrderService orderService, Map<String, OrderService> orderServiceMap, List<OrderService> orderServiceList) {
      this.orderService = orderService;
      this.orderServiceMap = orderServiceMap;
      this.orderServiceList = orderServiceList;
   }

   public void test() {
      System.out.println(orderService);
      System.out.println(orderServiceMap);
      System.out.println(orderServiceList);
   }
}

com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3cd1f1c8
{orderService=com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3cd1f1c8, orderService2=com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3a4afd8d}
[com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3cd1f1c8, com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3a4afd8d]

2. 情景二

@Component
public class AnnoAutowiredService {
	private OrderService orderService;
	public Map<String, OrderService> orderServiceMap;
	protected List<OrderService> orderServiceList;

	@Autowired(required = false)
	public AnnoAutowiredService() {
	}

	@Autowired(required = true)
	public AnnoAutowiredService(OrderService orderService, Map<String, OrderService> orderServiceMap, List<OrderService> orderServiceList) {
		this.orderService = orderService;
		this.orderServiceMap = orderServiceMap;
		this.orderServiceList = orderServiceList;
	}

	public void test() {
		System.out.println(orderService);
		System.out.println(orderServiceMap);
		System.out.println(orderServiceList);
	}
}

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'annoAutowiredService': Invalid autowire-marked constructors: [public com.sonnie.annotest.AnnoAutowiredService()]. Found constructor with 'required' Autowired annotation: public com.sonnie.annotest.AnnoAutowiredService(com.sonnie.service.OrderService,java.util.Map,java.util.List)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.determineCandidateConstructors(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1323)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1234)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:570)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:527)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:346)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:237)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:344)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:967)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:960)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:605)
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.java:95)
	at com.sonnie.Test.main(Test.java:12)

加在属性上

即使属性不是public的，也可以被赋值。

@Component
public class AnnoAutowiredService {
	@Autowired
	private OrderService orderService;
	@Autowired
	public Map<String, OrderService> orderServiceMap;
	@Autowired
	protected List<OrderService> orderServiceList;

	public void test() {
		System.out.println(orderService);
		System.out.println(orderServiceMap);
		System.out.println(orderServiceList);
	}
}

打印结果：

com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3cd1f1c8
{orderService=com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3cd1f1c8, orderService2=com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3a4afd8d}
[com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3cd1f1c8, com.sonnie.service.OrderService@3a4afd8d]

加在方法上

当Spring容器调用该类的构造方法实例化完成该类后，会调用@Autowired修饰的方法，并将方法的参数进行实例化。也就是说，我们如果想实例化完成一个类后，执行某个方法时，可以用@Autowired注解来修饰。Spring会自动给我们执行该方法，有点类似于init-method的用法。但是必须保证该方法的参数对象在Spring容器中也存在，否则会报错。

@Component
public class AnnoAutowiredService {
   private UserService userService;

   @Autowired
   public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
      this.userService = userService;
   }

   public void test() {
      System.out.println(userService);
   }
}

com.sonnie.service.UserService@5fe5c6f