hibernate之HQL

什么是hql？
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写。

HQL（Hibernate Query Language），即Hibernate的查询语言跟SQL非常相像。不过HQL与SQL的最根本的区别，就是它是面向对象的。

注意：
处理返回的结果集
单个对象
select没有逗号
Object[]
b.bookId, b.bookName
Map
new Map(b.bookId as bid, b.bookName as bname)
new 构造方法(attr1,attr2)
new Book(b.bookId, b.price)
单个列段

hql中使用占位符
?占位符
从下标0开始计算位置
hibernate5之后不再支持?占位符

:命名参数

处理返回的结果集
HqlTest类

public class HqlTest {
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回对象（多个）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<String> list = query.list();
		for (String b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList3() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList4() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Map> list = query.list();
		for (Map b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList5() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
//		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
//		params.add(1);
//		params.add(2);
//		params.add(4);
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL分页
	 * sql
	 * sql limit 5,5
	 * 
	 * hql
	 * 同样的可以自动根据方言生成分页语句
	 *             setFirstResult： 设置起始下标
	 *             setMaxResults：设置偏移量
	 *             
	 *  
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
```HQL的分页工具类

public class PageBean {

private int page = 1;// 页码

private int rows = 3;// 页大小

private int total = 0;// 总记录数

private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
// 获取上一次访问后台的url
private String url;

/**
 * 初始化pagebean
 * 
 * @param req
 */
public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
	this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
	this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
	// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
	this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
	this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
	this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
}

public int getMaxPage() {
	return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
}

public int nextPage() {
	return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
}

public int previousPage() {
	return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
}

public PageBean() {
	super();
}

public int getPage() {
	return page;
}

public void setPage(int page) {
	this.page = page;
}

public void setPage(String page) {
	this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
}

public int getRows() {
	return rows;
}

public void setRows(int rows) {
	this.rows = rows;
}

public void setRows(String rows) {
	this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
}

public int getTotal() {
	return total;
}

public void setTotal(int total) {
	this.total = total;
}

public void setTotal(String total) {
	this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
}

public boolean isPagination() {
	return pagination;
}

public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
	this.pagination = pagination;
}

public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
	return parameterMap;
}

public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
	this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
}

public String getUrl() {
	return url;
}

public void setUrl(String url) {
	this.url = url;
}

/**
 * 获得起始记录的下标
 * 
 * @return
 */
public int getStartIndex() {
	return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
	return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
			+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
}

StringUtils

public class StringUtils {
	// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
	private StringUtils() {
	}

	/**
	 * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
		boolean b = false;
		if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
			b = true;
		}
		return b;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
		return !isBlank(s);
	}

}

BaseDao

/**
 *    1. 设置参数的问题
 *    2. 分页代码重复的问题
 * @author _AluoKa
 *
 */
public class BaseDao {
        /**
         * 通用的参数设值方法
         *    参数键值对集合
         *    预定义处理的hql对象
         */
	public void setParam(Map<String , Object>map,Query query) {
		if(map!=null&&map.size()>0) {
			Object value=null;
			Set<Entry<String, Object>>entrySet =map.entrySet();
			for(Entry<String, Object> entry:entrySet) {
				//例子的圣墟，但是有的时候它并不是单纯的字符串，可能是数组爱好，也可能是集合
				value=entry.getValue();
				if(value instanceof Object[]) {
					query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Object[])value);}
				else if(value instanceof Collection) {
					query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), (Collection)value);
				}else {
					query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	public String getCountHql(String hql) {
		int index=hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM");	
		return "select count(*)"+ hql.substring(index);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 通用查询方法
	 * @param session
	 * @param map
	 * @param hql
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
	public List executeQuery(Session session,Map<String, Object>map,String hql,PageBean pageBean) {
		List list=null;
		if(pageBean !=null&&pageBean.isPagination()) {
			String countHql=getCountHql(hql);
			Query countQuery=session.createQuery(countHql);
			this.setParam(map, countQuery);
			pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			//给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
			this.setParam(map, query);
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
			
			list=query.list();
		}else {
			Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
			//给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
			this.setParam(map, query);
			list=query.list();
		}		
		return list;
	}
	
}

BookDao 需要继承BaseDao 。

public class BookDao extends BaseDao {
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	/**
	 * 需求：
	 * 写一个带查询的并且能 分页方法
	 * @param book
	 * @param pageBean
	 */
	public List<Book> list1(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
	
		String bookName=book.getBookName();
		String hql="from Book where 1=1";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql+=" and bookName like :bookName";
		}
		Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
		//query相当于前面SQL所用的prepareStatement
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)){
			query.setParameter("bookName", bookName);
		}
		//通过上述代码会发现，同样的if判断写了两次
		
		//下面这个代码每个实体类分页都得写
		if(pageBean !=null&&pageBean.isPagination()) {
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
		}
		List<Book> list=query.list();
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	public List<Book> list2(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		String bookName=book.getBookName();
		Map<String, Object>map=new HashMap<>();
		String hql =" from Book where 1=1 ";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql+=" and bookName like :bookName";
			map.put("bookName", bookName);
		}
		List<Book> list=super.executeQuery(session, map, hql, pageBean);
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}		
}

BookDaoTest测试

@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Book book=new Book();
		PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(2);
//		pageBean.setPagination(false);
		book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
		List<Book> list=this.bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}