前言
前面我们提到了静态路由的一些配置实验,下面了解一种特殊的静态路由——缺省路由
一、缺省路由是什么?
缺省路由又称为默认路由,是一种特殊的静态路由,目的地址与掩码配置为全零(0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0)。当路由表中的所有路由都选择失败的时候,为使得报文有最终的一个发送地,将使用缺省路由。 缺省路由通常用相同的处理方式把报文指向另一个路由器。如果有其他路由匹配,则按照该路由规则转发相应的报文,否则该报文将被转发到该路由器的缺省路由。这个过程不断重复,直到一个数据包被传递到目的地。设备的缺省路由通常被也称为默认网关,它经常提供如数据包过滤,防火墙或代理服务器等功能。格式:ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 下一跳地址
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41745698/article/details/83475705
二、配置过程
以如下拓扑图为例
1.配置相关接口地址
R1(config)#int fa0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config)#int fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R2(config)#int fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config)#int fa0/1213 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2#show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.2.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.3.2 YES manual up down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
R3(config)#int fa0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config)#int fa0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#
R3(config-if)#no shut
PC1和PC2设置静态ip
2.设置默认路由
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#exit
R1#show ip rout ----查看R1路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2
R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1
R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
R2#show ip route ----查看R2路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
[1/0] via 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.2
R3(config)#end
R3#show ip ro ----查看R3路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.2 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2
3.测试
R1 PING 其它任意接口ip
R2 PING 其它任意接口ip
R3 PING 其它任意接口ip
PC1 PING PC2
PC2 PING PC1
经过测试两pc之间可以正常进行数据传输