apply 函数

可能在所有的分组函数中，apply是应用最为广泛的，这得益于它的灵活性：¶
对于传入值而言，从下面的打印内容可

以看到是以分组的表传入apply中：
对于传入值而言，从下面的打印内容可以看到是以分组的表传入apply中

df.groupby('School').apply(lambda x:print(x.head(1)))
     School Class Gender   Address  Height  Weight  Math Physics
ID                                                              
1101    S_1   C_1      M  street_1     173      63  34.0      A+
     School Class Gender   Address  Height  Weight  Math Physics
ID                                                              
2101    S_2   C_1      M  street_7     174      84  83.3       C

apply函数的灵活性很大程度来源于其返回值的多样性
① 标量返回值

In [37]:
df[['School','Math','Height']].groupby('School').apply(lambda x:x.max())
Out[37]:
School	Math	Height
School			
S_1	S_1	97.0	195
S_2	S_2	95.5	194

② 列表返回值

In [38]:
df[['School','Math','Height']].groupby('School').apply(lambda x:x-x.min()).head()
Out[38]:
Math	Height
ID		
1101	2.5	14.0
1102	1.0	33.0
1103	55.7	27.0
1104	48.9	8.0
1105	53.3	0.0

③ 数据框返回值

In [39]:
df[['School','Math','Height']].groupby('School')\
    .apply(lambda x:pd.DataFrame({'col1':x['Math']-x['Math'].max(),
                                  'col2':x['Math']-x['Math'].min(),
                                  'col3':x['Height']-x['Height'].max(),
                                  'col4':x['Height']-x['Height'].min()})).head()
Out[39]:
col1	col2	col3	col4
ID				
1101	-63.0	2.5	-22	14
1102	-64.5	1.0	-3	33
1103	-9.8	55.7	-9	27
1104	-16.6	48.9	-28	8
1105	-12.2	53.3	-36	0

• 用apply同时统计多个指标
  此处可以借助OrderedDict工具进行快捷的统计

In [40]:
from collections import OrderedDict
def f(df):
    data = OrderedDict()
    data['M_sum'] = df['Math'].sum()
    data['W_var'] = df['Weight'].var()
    data['H_mean'] = df['Height'].mean()
    return pd.Series(data)
grouped_single.apply(f)
Out[40]:
M_sum	W_var	H_mean
School			
S_1	956.2	117.428571	175.733333
S_2	1191.1	181.081579	172.950000