索引
文件操作的方法
1、 获取文件的属性信息
-
boolean exists():判断文件或目录是否存在
-
String getName():返回文件或目录的名称
-
String getParent():返回父路径的路径名字符串
-
String getAbsolutePath():返回绝对路径的路径名字符串
-
String getPath():返回抽象路径的路径名字符串
-
boolean isAbsolute():判断当前路径是否为绝对路径
-
boolean isDirectory():判断当前文件是否为目录
-
boolean isFile():判断当前文件是否为一个标准文件
-
boolean isHidden():判断当前文件是否是一个隐藏文件
-
long lastModified():返回当前文件最后一次被修改的时间
-
long length():返回当前文件的长度
-
boolean canRead():判断是否可读
-
boolean canWrite():判断是否可写
2、 实现文件和文件夹的操作
- createNewFile()：创建文件
- delete()： 删除文件
- renameTo()：移动文件
- mkdir()和mkdirs()：创建文件夹
- delete()： 删除文件夹
3、字节流
主要包含InputStream和OutputStream两个基础类。
- FileInputStream/FileOutputStream(读写文件)
- BufferedInputStream/BufferedOutputStream(读写缓冲流)
- ByteArrayInputStream/ByteArrayOutputStream(按字节数组读写内存中临时数据)
- DataInputStream/DataOutputStream(读写基本类型和String)
- ObjectInputStream/ObjectOutputStream(读写对象)
- PipedInputStream/PipedOutputStream(主要在线程中使用)
- PrintStream(打印流，可以一次写一行)
4、字符流
主要包含Reader和Writer两个基础类。
- FileReader/FileWriter(只能采用系统默认编码方式读写)
- InputStreamReader/OutputStreamWriter(转换流，采用指定编码方式读写)
- BufferedReader/BufferedWriter(缓冲流，借助readLine()和newLine()可以一次读写一行)
- CharArrayReader/CharArrayWriter(按字符数组读写)
- PipedReader/PipedWriter(主要在线程中使用)
- PrintWriter(打印流，可以一次写一行)
5、应用实例
1.创建文件夹
//import java.io.*;
File myFolderPath = new File(str1);
try {
if (!myFolderPath.exists()) {
myFolderPath.mkdir();
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("新建目录操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
2.创建文件
//import java.io.*;
File myFilePath = new File(str1);
try {
if (!myFilePath.exists()) {
myFilePath.createNewFile();
}
FileWriter resultFile = new FileWriter(myFilePath);
PrintWriter myFile = new PrintWriter(resultFile);
myFile.println(str2);
resultFile.close();
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("新建文件操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
3.删除文件
//import java.io.*;
File myDelFile = new File(str1);
try {
myDelFile.delete();
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("删除文件操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
4.删除文件夹
//import java.io.*;
File delFolderPath = new File(str1);
try {
delFolderPath.delete(); //删除空文件夹
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("删除文件夹操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
5.删除一个文件下夹所有的文件夹
//import java.io.*;
File delfile=new File(str1);
File[] files=delfile.listFiles();
for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){
if(files[i].isDirectory()){
files[i].delete();
}
}
6.清空文件夹
//import java.io.*;
File delfilefolder=new File(str1);
try {
if (!delfilefolder.exists()) {
delfilefolder.delete();
}
delfilefolder.mkdir();
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("清空目录操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
7.读取文件
//import java.io.*;
// 逐行读取数据
FileReader fr = new FileReader(str1);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
String str2 = br.readLine();
while (str2 != null) {
str3
str2 = br.readLine();
}
br.close();
fr.close();
8.写入文件
//import java.io.*;
// 将数据写入文件
try {
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(str1);
fw.write(str2);
fw.flush();
fw.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
9.写入随机文件
//import java.io.*;
try {
RandomAcessFile logFile=new RandomAcessFile(str1,"rw");
long lg=logFile.length();
logFile.seek(str2);
logFile.writeByte(str3);
}catch(IOException ioe){
System.out.println("无法写入文件："+ioe.getMessage());
}
10.读取文件属性
//import java.io.*;
// 文件属性的取得
File f = new File(str1);
if (af.exists()) {
System.out.println(f.getName() + "的属性如下： 文件长度为：" + f.length());
System.out.println(f.isFile() ? "是文件" : "不是文件");
System.out.println(f.isDirectory() ? "是目录" : "不是目录");
System.out.println(f.canRead() ? "可读取" : "不");
System.out.println(f.canWrite() ? "是隐藏文件" : "");
System.out.println("文件夹的最后修改日期为：" + new Date(f.lastModified()));
} else {
System.out.println(f.getName() + "的属性如下：");
System.out.println(f.isFile() ? "是文件" : "不是文件");
System.out.println(f.isDirectory() ? "是目录" : "不是目录");
System.out.println(f.canRead() ? "可读取" : "不");
System.out.println(f.canWrite() ? "是隐藏文件" : "");
System.out.println("文件的最后修改日期为：" + new Date(f.lastModified()));
}
if(f.canRead()){
str2
}
if(f.canWrite()){
str3
}
11.写入属性
//import java.io.*;
File filereadonly=new File(str1);
try {
boolean b=filereadonly.setReadOnly();
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("拒绝写访问："+e.printStackTrace());
}
12.枚举一个文件夹中的所有文件
//import java.io.*;
//import java.util.*;
LinkedList<String> folderList = new LinkedList<String>();
folderList.add(str1);
while (folderList.size() > 0) {
File file = new File(folderList.peek());
folderList.removeLast();
File[] files = file.listFiles();
ArrayList<File> fileList = new ArrayList<File>();
for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
if (files[i].isDirectory()) {
folderList.add(files[i].getPath());
} else {
fileList.add(files[i]);
}
}
for (File f : fileList) {
str2=f.getAbsoluteFile();
str3
}
}
13.复制文件夹
//import java.io.*;
//import java.util.*;
LinkedList<String> folderList = new LinkedList<String>();
folderList.add(str1);
LinkedList<String> folderList2 = new LinkedList<String>();
folderList2.add(str2+ str1.substring(str1.lastIndexOf("\\")));
while (folderList.size() > 0) {
(new File(folderList2.peek())).mkdirs(); // 如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹
File folders = new File(folderList.peek());
String[] file = folders.list();
File temp = null;
try {
for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) {
if (folderList.peek().endsWith(File.separator)) {
temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator
+ file[i]);
} else {
temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator + file[i]);
}
if (temp.isFile()) {
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp);
FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(
folderList2.peek() + File.separator + (temp.getName()).toString());
byte[] b = new byte[5120];
int len;
while ((len = input.read(b)) != -1) {
output.write(b, 0, len);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
}
if (temp.isDirectory()) {// 如果是子文件夹
for (File f : temp.listFiles()) {
if (f.isDirectory()) {
folderList.add(f.getPath());
folderList2.add(folderList2.peek()
+ File.separator + f.getName());
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
//System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
folderList.removeFirst();
folderList2.removeFirst();
}
14.复制一个文件夹下所有的文件夹到另一个文件夹下
//import java.io.*;
//import java.util.*;
File copyfolders=new File(str1);
File[] copyfoldersList=copyfolders.listFiles();
for(int k=0;k<copyfoldersList.length;k++){
if(copyfoldersList[k].isDirectory()){
ArrayList<String>folderList=new ArrayList<String>();
folderList.add(copyfoldersList[k].getPath());
ArrayList<String>folderList2=new ArrayList<String>();
folderList2.add(str2+"/"+copyfoldersList[k].getName());
for(int j=0;j<folderList.length;j++){
(new File(folderList2.get(j))).mkdirs(); //如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹
File folders=new File(folderList.get(j));
String[] file=folders.list();
File temp=null;
try {
for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) {
if(folderList.get(j).endsWith(File.separator)){
temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
} else {
temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+File.separator+file[i]);
}
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp);
if(temp.isFile()){
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp);
FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(folderList2.get(j) + "/" + (temp.getName()).toString());
byte[] b = new byte[5120];
int len;
while ( (len = input.read(b)) != -1) {
output.write(b, 0, len);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
}
if(temp.isDirectory()){//如果是子文件夹
folderList.add(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
folderList2.add(folderList2.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
}
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
15.移动文件夹
//import java.io.*;
//import java.util.*;
LinkedList<String> folderList = new LinkedList<String>();
folderList.add(str1);
LinkedList<String> folderList2 = new LinkedList<String>();
folderList2.add(str2 + str1.substring(str1.lastIndexOf("\\")));
while (folderList.size() > 0) {
(new File(folderList2.peek())).mkdirs(); // 如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹
File folders = new File(folderList.peek());
String[] file = folders.list();
File temp = null;
try {
for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) {
if (folderList.peek().endsWith(File.separator)) {
temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator + file[i]);
} else {
temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator + file[i]);
}
if (temp.isFile()) {
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp);
FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(
folderList2.peek() + File.separator + (temp.getName()).toString());
byte[] b = new byte[5120];
int len;
while ((len = input.read(b)) != -1) {
output.write(b, 0, len);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
if (!temp.delete())
System.out.println("删除单个文件操作出错!");
}
if (temp.isDirectory()) {// 如果是子文件夹
for (File f : temp.listFiles()) {
if (f.isDirectory()) {
folderList.add(f.getPath());
folderList2.add(folderList2.peek() + File.separator + f.getName());
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
folderList.removeFirst();
folderList2.removeFirst();
}
File f = new File(str1);
if (!f.delete()) {
for (File file : f.listFiles()) {
if (file.list().length == 0) {
System.out.println(file.getPath());
file.delete();
}
}
}
16.移动一个文件夹下所有的文件夹到另一个目录下
//import java.io.*;
//import java.util.*;
File movefolders=new File(str1);
File[] movefoldersList=movefolders.listFiles();
for(int k=0;k<movefoldersList.length;k++){
if(movefoldersList[k].isDirectory()){
ArrayList<String>folderList=new ArrayList<String>();
folderList.add(movefoldersList[k].getPath());
ArrayList<String>folderList2=new ArrayList<String>();
folderList2.add(str2+"/"+movefoldersList[k].getName());
for(int j=0;j<folderList.length;j++){
(new File(folderList2.get(j))).mkdirs(); //如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹
File folders=new File(folderList.get(j));
String[] file=folders.list();
File temp=null;
try {
for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) {
if(folderList.get(j).endsWith(File.separator)){
temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
}
else{
temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+File.separator+file[i]);
}
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp);
if(temp.isFile()){
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp);
FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(folderList2.get(j) + "/" + (temp.getName()).toString());
byte[] b = new byte[5120];
int len;
while ( (len = input.read(b)) != -1) {
output.write(b, 0, len);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
temp.delete();
}
if(temp.isDirectory()){//如果是子文件夹
folderList.add(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
folderList2.add(folderList2.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
}
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
movefoldersList[k].delete();
}
}
17.以一个文件夹的框架在另一个目录创建文件夹和空文件
//import java.io.*;
//import java.util.*;
boolean b=false;//不创建空文件
ArrayList<String>folderList=new ArrayList<String>();
folderList.add(str1);
ArrayList<String>folderList2=new ArrayList<String>();
folderList2.add(str2);
for(int j=0;j<folderList.length;j++){
(new File(folderList2.get(j))).mkdirs(); //如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹
File folders=new File(folderList.get(j));
String[] file=folders.list();
File temp=null;
try {
for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) {
if(folderList.get(j).endsWith(File.separator)){
temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
}
else{
temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+File.separator+file[i]);
}
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp);
if(temp.isFile()){
if (b) temp.createNewFile();
}
if(temp.isDirectory()){//如果是子文件夹
folderList.add(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
folderList2.add(folderList2.get(j)+"/"+file[i]);
}
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
18.复制文件
//import java.io.*;
int bytesum = 0;
int byteread = 0;
File oldfile = new File(str1);
try {
if (oldfile.exists()) { //文件存在时
FileInputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(oldfile); //读入原文件
FileOutputStream fs = new FileOutputStream(new File(str2,oldfile.getName()));
byte[] buffer = new byte[5120];
int length;
while ( (byteread = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
bytesum += byteread; //字节数 文件大小
System.out.println(bytesum);
fs.write(buffer, 0, byteread);
}
inStream.close();
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("复制单个文件操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
19.复制一个文件夹下所有的文件到另一个目录
//import java.io.*;
File copyfiles=new File(str1);
File[] files=copyfiles.listFiles();
for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){
if(!files[i].isDirectory()){
int bytesum = 0;
int byteread = 0;
try {
InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(files[i]); //读入原文件
FileOutputStream fs = new FileOutputStream(new File(str2,files[i].getName());
byte[] buffer = new byte[5120];
int length;
while ( (byteread = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
bytesum += byteread; //字节数 文件大小
System.out.println(bytesum);
fs.write(buffer, 0, byteread);
}
inStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("复制单个文件操作出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//提取扩展名
String str2=str1.substring(str1.lastIndexOf(".")+1);
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