一、场景
-
业务需求：微信小程序开发需要选择本地照片file连同一些表单数据，通过接口发送给服务器
-
问题：
因涉及到域名安全问题以及并不是单独上传图片，不能使用 wx.uploadFile 。
微信本身没有FormData对象，无法使用 new FormData
后端接口需要接收一个file, 所以只能想办法，通过wx.request 发送 multipart/form-data 请求
二、解决办法（使用方法）
- 手动写一个formdata文件，然后引入。
原作者参考微信社区、大神的github，整理出来的formdata.js的用法（就佩服善于整理的人，我有时候都看不懂大神写的什么，谈何整理！！）
request 请求：
formdata.js 文件
mimeMap 文件
这是原作者的用法
import FormData from './FormData/index.js'
// 上传图片
export function uploadFile(newUrl){ // newUrl是本地文件的 tmp 地址
let formData = new FormData();
// 用法
// formData.append("name", "value"); // value 表单值
// formData.appendFile("file", filepath); // filepath 文件路径
formData.appendFile("multipartFile", newUrl);
// formData.getData() => {
// buffer:<ArrayBuffer>[], // buffer 表单数据的ArrayBuffer对象
// contentType: string, // http请求Content-Type头部内容
// }
const data = formData.getData();
return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
wx.request({
url:"https://xxxxx.xxxxxx.xxxxx/api/img/upload",
method: 'POST',
header: {
'content-type': data.contentType
},
data: data.buffer,
success(res) {
if(res.success) console.log("上传成功")
}
});
})
}
因为我的需求是上传多张图片，所以会多一步
import FormData from './FormData/index.js'
// 上传图片
export function uploadFile(){ // newUrl是本地文件的 tmp 地址
let formdata = new FormData();
let data={} //data是要传给服务器的json对象，替换成自己的就行
for (let i in data) { //这里需要遍历对象，让每一个参数变成formdata格式
if(i=='files'){ //files是我自定义的要上传的图片数组字段名
data.files.forEach(filepath=>{ //这里需要每一张遍历一下，就是普通的字符串数组
formdata.appendFile("files", filepath, "");
})
}else{ //这里是其他参数，正常拼接就行
formdata.append(i,data[i]);
}
}
let newdata = formdata.getData(); //下面的操作都差不多了,注意如果是跟我一样的多文件请求记得把作者下面的拼接注掉
// 用法
// formData.append("name", "value"); // value 表单值
// formData.appendFile("file", filepath); // filepath 文件路径
// formData.appendFile("multipartFile", newUrl);
// formData.getData() => {
// buffer:<ArrayBuffer>[], // buffer 表单数据的ArrayBuffer对象
// contentType: string, // http请求Content-Type头部内容
// }
// const data = formData.getData();
return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
wx.request({
url:"https://xxxxx.xxxxxx.xxxxx/api/img/upload",
method: 'POST',
header: {
'content-type': newdata.contentType
},
data: newdata.buffer,
success(res) {
//没什么意外的话，应该会请求成功。。看起来简单吧(*^▽^*)
if(res.success) console.log("上传成功")
}
});
})
}
千万记得在要用到的js文件中引用，我将formdata.js放在了跟目录下的自己创建的utils文件夹
三、核心代码（你只需要复制粘贴就可以）
formdata.js:
import mimeMap from './mimeMap'
function FormData(){
let fileManager = wx.getFileSystemManager();
let data = {};
let files = [];
this.append = (name, value)=>{
data[name] = value;
return true;
}
this.appendFile = (name, path)=>{
let buffer = fileManager.readFileSync(path);
if(Object.prototype.toString.call(buffer).indexOf("ArrayBuffer") < 0){
return false;
}
files.push({
name: name,
buffer: buffer,
fileName: getFileNameFromPath(path)
});
return true;
}
this.getData = ()=>convert(data, files)
}
function getFileNameFromPath(path){
let idx=path.lastIndexOf("/");
return path.substr(idx+1);
}
function convert(data, files){
let boundaryKey = 'wxmpFormBoundary' + randString(); // 数据分割符，一般是随机的字符串
let boundary = '--' + boundaryKey;
let endBoundary = boundary + '--';
let postArray = [];
//拼接参数
if(data && Object.prototype.toString.call(data) == "[object Object]"){
for(let key in data){
postArray = postArray.concat(formDataArray(boundary, key, data[key]));
}
}
//拼接文件
if(files && Object.prototype.toString.call(files) == "[object Array]"){
for(let i in files){
let file = files[i];
postArray = postArray.concat(formDataArray(boundary, file.name, file.buffer, file.fileName));
}
}
//结尾
let endBoundaryArray = [];
for (var i = 0; i < endBoundary.length; i++) { // 最后取出结束boundary的charCode
endBoundaryArray.push(...endBoundary.utf8CodeAt(i));
}
postArray = postArray.concat(endBoundaryArray);
return {
contentType: 'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundaryKey,
buffer: new Uint8Array(postArray).buffer
}
}
function randString() {
let res = "";
for (let i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
let n = parseInt(Math.random() * 62);
if (n <= 9) {
res += n;
}
else if (n <= 35) {
res += String.fromCharCode(n + 55);
}
else {
res += String.fromCharCode(n + 61);
}
}
return res;
}
function formDataArray(boundary, name, value, fileName){
let dataString = '';
let isFile = !!fileName;
dataString += boundary + '\r\n';
dataString += 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="' + name + '"';
if (isFile){
dataString += '; filename="' + fileName + '"' + '\r\n';
dataString += 'Content-Type: ' + getFileMime(fileName) + '\r\n\r\n';
}
else{
dataString += '\r\n\r\n';
dataString += value;
}
var dataArray = [];
for (var i = 0; i < dataString.length; i++) { // 取出文本的charCode（10进制）
dataArray.push(...dataString.utf8CodeAt(i));
}
if (isFile) {
let fileArray = new Uint8Array(value);
dataArray = dataArray.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(fileArray));
}
dataArray.push(..."\r".utf8CodeAt());
dataArray.push(..."\n".utf8CodeAt());
return dataArray;
}
function getFileMime(fileName){
let idx = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
let mime = mimeMap[fileName.substr(idx)];
return mime?mime:"application/octet-stream"
}
String.prototype.utf8CodeAt = function(i) {
var str = this;
var out = [], p = 0;
var c = str.charCodeAt(i);
if (c < 128) {
out[p++] = c;
} else if (c < 2048) {
out[p++] = (c >> 6) | 192;
out[p++] = (c & 63) | 128;
} else if (
((c & 0xFC00) == 0xD800) && (i + 1) < str.length &&
((str.charCodeAt(i + 1) & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)) {
// Surrogate Pair
c = 0x10000 + ((c & 0x03FF) << 10) + (str.charCodeAt(++i) & 0x03FF);
out[p++] = (c >> 18) | 240;
out[p++] = ((c >> 12) & 63) | 128;
out[p++] = ((c >> 6) & 63) | 128;
out[p++] = (c & 63) | 128;
} else {
out[p++] = (c >> 12) | 224;
out[p++] = ((c >> 6) & 63) | 128;
out[p++] = (c & 63) | 128;
}
return out;
};
export default FormData;
2.mimeMap.js
const mimeMap = {
"0.001": "application/x-001",
"0.323": "text/h323",
"0.907": "drawing/907",
".acp": "audio/x-mei-aac",
".aif": "audio/aiff",
".aiff": "audio/aiff",
".asa": "text/asa",
".asp": "text/asp",
".au": "audio/basic",
".awf": "application/vnd.adobe.workflow",
".bmp": "application/x-bmp",
".c4t": "application/x-c4t",
".cal": "application/x-cals",
".cdf": "application/x-netcdf",
".cel": "application/x-cel",
".cg4": "application/x-g4",
".cit": "application/x-cit",
".cml": "text/xml",
".cmx": "application/x-cmx",
".crl": "application/pkix-crl",
".csi": "application/x-csi",
".cut": "application/x-cut",
".dbm": "application/x-dbm",
".dcd": "text/xml",
".der": "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
".dib": "application/x-dib",
".doc": "application/msword",
".drw": "application/x-drw",
".dwf": "Model/vnd.dwf",
".dwg": "application/x-dwg",
".dxf": "application/x-dxf",
".emf": "application/x-emf",
".ent": "text/xml",
".eps": "application/x-ps",
".etd": "application/x-ebx",
".fax": "image/fax",
".fif": "application/fractals",
".frm": "application/x-frm",
".gbr": "application/x-gbr",
".gif": "image/gif",
".gp4": "application/x-gp4",
".hmr": "application/x-hmr",
".hpl": "application/x-hpl",
".hrf": "application/x-hrf",
".htc": "text/x-component",
".html": "text/html",
".htx": "text/html",
".ico": "image/x-icon",
".iff": "application/x-iff",
".igs": "application/x-igs",
".img": "application/x-img",
".isp": "application/x-internet-signup",
".java": "java/*",
".jpe": "image/jpeg",
".jpeg": "image/jpeg",
".jpg": "application/x-jpg",
".jsp": "text/html",
".lar": "application/x-laplayer-reg",
".lavs": "audio/x-liquid-secure",
".lmsff": "audio/x-la-lms",
".ltr": "application/x-ltr",
".m2v": "video/x-mpeg",
".m4e": "video/mpeg4",
".man": "application/x-troff-man",
".mdb": "application/msaccess",
".mfp": "application/x-shockwave-flash",
".mhtml": "message/rfc822",
".mid": "audio/mid",
".mil": "application/x-mil",
".mnd": "audio/x-musicnet-download",
".mocha": "application/x-javascript",
".mp1": "audio/mp1",
".mp2v": "video/mpeg",
".mp4": "video/mpeg4",
".mpd": "application/vnd.ms-project",
".mpeg": "video/mpg",
".mpga": "audio/rn-mpeg",
".mps": "video/x-mpeg",
".mpv": "video/mpg",
".mpw": "application/vnd.ms-project",
".mtx": "text/xml",
".net": "image/pnetvue",
".nws": "message/rfc822",
".out": "application/x-out",
".p12": "application/x-pkcs12",
".p7c": "application/pkcs7-mime",
".p7r": "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp",
".pc5": "application/x-pc5",
".pcl": "application/x-pcl",
".pdf": "application/pdf",
".pdx": "application/vnd.adobe.pdx",
".pgl": "application/x-pgl",
".pko": "application/vnd.ms-pki.pko",
".plg": "text/html",
".plt": "application/x-plt",
".png": "application/x-png",
".ppa": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".pps": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".ppt": "application/x-ppt",
".prf": "application/pics-rules",
".prt": "application/x-prt",
".ps": "application/postscript",
".pwz": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".ra": "audio/vnd.rn-realaudio",
".ras": "application/x-ras",
".rdf": "text/xml",
".red": "application/x-red",
".rjs": "application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjs",
".rlc": "application/x-rlc",
".rm": "application/vnd.rn-realmedia",
".rmi": "audio/mid",
".rmm": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rms": "application/vnd.rn-realmedia-secure",
".rmx": "application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmx",
".rp": "image/vnd.rn-realpix",
".rsml": "application/vnd.rn-rsml",
".rtf": "application/msword",
".rv": "video/vnd.rn-realvideo",
".sat": "application/x-sat",
".sdw": "application/x-sdw",
".slb": "application/x-slb",
".slk": "drawing/x-slk",
".smil": "application/smil",
".snd": "audio/basic",
".sor": "text/plain",
".spl": "application/futuresplash",
".ssm": "application/streamingmedia",
".stl": "application/vnd.ms-pki.stl",
".sty": "application/x-sty",
".swf": "application/x-shockwave-flash",
".tg4": "application/x-tg4",
".tif": "image/tiff",
".tiff": "image/tiff",
".top": "drawing/x-top",
".tsd": "text/xml",
".uin": "application/x-icq",
".vcf": "text/x-vcard",
".vdx": "application/vnd.visio",
".vpg": "application/x-vpeg005",
".vsd": "application/x-vsd",
".vst": "application/vnd.visio",
".vsw": "application/vnd.visio",
".vtx": "application/vnd.visio",
".wav": "audio/wav",
".wb1": "application/x-wb1",
".wb3": "application/x-wb3",
".wiz": "application/msword",
".wk4": "application/x-wk4",
".wks": "application/x-wks",
".wma": "audio/x-ms-wma",
".wmf": "application/x-wmf",
".wmv": "video/x-ms-wmv",
".wmz": "application/x-ms-wmz",
".wpd": "application/x-wpd",
".wpl": "application/vnd.ms-wpl",
".wr1": "application/x-wr1",
".wrk": "application/x-wrk",
".ws2": "application/x-ws",
".wsdl": "text/xml",
".xdp": "application/vnd.adobe.xdp",
".xfd": "application/vnd.adobe.xfd",
".xhtml": "text/html",
".xls": "application/x-xls",
".xml": "text/xml",
".xq": "text/xml",
".xquery": "text/xml",
".xsl": "text/xml",
".xwd": "application/x-xwd",
".sis": "application/vnd.symbian.install",
".x_t": "application/x-x_t",
".apk": "application/vnd.android.package-archive",
"0.301": "application/x-301",
"0.906": "application/x-906",
".a11": "application/x-a11",
".ai": "application/postscript",
".aifc": "audio/aiff",
".anv": "application/x-anv",
".asf": "video/x-ms-asf",
".asx": "video/x-ms-asf",
".avi": "video/avi",
".biz": "text/xml",
".bot": "application/x-bot",
".c90": "application/x-c90",
".cat": "application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat",
".cdr": "application/x-cdr",
".cer": "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
".cgm": "application/x-cgm",
".class": "java/*",
".cmp": "application/x-cmp",
".cot": "application/x-cot",
".crt": "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
".css": "text/css",
".dbf": "application/x-dbf",
".dbx": "application/x-dbx",
".dcx": "application/x-dcx",
".dgn": "application/x-dgn",
".dll": "application/x-msdownload",
".dot": "application/msword",
".dtd": "text/xml",
".dwf": "application/x-dwf",
".dxb": "application/x-dxb",
".edn": "application/vnd.adobe.edn",
".eml": "message/rfc822",
".epi": "application/x-epi",
".eps": "application/postscript",
".exe": "application/x-msdownload",
".fdf": "application/vnd.fdf",
".fo": "text/xml",
".g4": "application/x-g4",
".tif": "image/tiff",
".gl2": "application/x-gl2",
".hgl": "application/x-hgl",
".hpg": "application/x-hpgl",
".hqx": "application/mac-binhex40",
".hta": "application/hta",
".htm": "text/html",
".htt": "text/webviewhtml",
".icb": "application/x-icb",
".ico": "application/x-ico",
".ig4": "application/x-g4",
".iii": "application/x-iphone",
".ins": "application/x-internet-signup",
".IVF": "video/x-ivf",
".jfif": "image/jpeg",
".jpe": "application/x-jpe",
".jpg": "image/jpeg",
".js": "application/x-javascript",
".la1": "audio/x-liquid-file",
".latex": "application/x-latex",
".lbm": "application/x-lbm",
".ls": "application/x-javascript",
".m1v": "video/x-mpeg",
".m3u": "audio/mpegurl",
".mac": "application/x-mac",
".math": "text/xml",
".mdb": "application/x-mdb",
".mht": "message/rfc822",
".mi": "application/x-mi",
".midi": "audio/mid",
".mml": "text/xml",
".mns": "audio/x-musicnet-stream",
".movie": "video/x-sgi-movie",
".mp2": "audio/mp2",
".mp3": "audio/mp3",
".mpa": "video/x-mpg",
".mpe": "video/x-mpeg",
".mpg": "video/mpg",
".mpp": "application/vnd.ms-project",
".mpt": "application/vnd.ms-project",
".mpv2": "video/mpeg",
".mpx": "application/vnd.ms-project",
".mxp": "application/x-mmxp",
".nrf": "application/x-nrf",
".odc": "text/x-ms-odc",
".p10": "application/pkcs10",
".p7b": "application/x-pkcs7-certificates",
".p7m": "application/pkcs7-mime",
".p7s": "application/pkcs7-signature",
".pci": "application/x-pci",
".pcx": "application/x-pcx",
".pdf": "application/pdf",
".pfx": "application/x-pkcs12",
".pic": "application/x-pic",
".pl": "application/x-perl",
".pls": "audio/scpls",
".png": "image/png",
".pot": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".ppm": "application/x-ppm",
".ppt": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".pr": "application/x-pr",
".prn": "application/x-prn",
".ps": "application/x-ps",
".ptn": "application/x-ptn",
".r3t": "text/vnd.rn-realtext3d",
".ram": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rat": "application/rat-file",
".rec": "application/vnd.rn-recording",
".rgb": "application/x-rgb",
".rjt": "application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjt",
".rle": "application/x-rle",
".rmf": "application/vnd.adobe.rmf",
".rmj": "application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmj",
".rmp": "application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package",
".rmvb": "application/vnd.rn-realmedia-vbr",
".rnx": "application/vnd.rn-realplayer",
".rpm": "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin",
".rt": "text/vnd.rn-realtext",
".rtf": "application/x-rtf",
".sam": "application/x-sam",
".sdp": "application/sdp",
".sit": "application/x-stuffit",
".sld": "application/x-sld",
".smi": "application/smil",
".smk": "application/x-smk",
".sol": "text/plain",
".spc": "application/x-pkcs7-certificates",
".spp": "text/xml",
".sst": "application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore",
".stm": "text/html",
".svg": "text/xml",
".tdf": "application/x-tdf",
".tga": "application/x-tga",
".tif": "application/x-tif",
".tld": "text/xml",
".torrent": "application/x-bittorrent",
".txt": "text/plain",
".uls": "text/iuls",
".vda": "application/x-vda",
".vml": "text/xml",
".vsd": "application/vnd.visio",
".vss": "application/vnd.visio",
".vst": "application/x-vst",
".vsx": "application/vnd.visio",
".vxml": "text/xml",
".wax": "audio/x-ms-wax",
".wb2": "application/x-wb2",
".wbmp": "image/vnd.wap.wbmp",
".wk3": "application/x-wk3",
".wkq": "application/x-wkq",
".wm": "video/x-ms-wm",
".wmd": "application/x-ms-wmd",
".wml": "text/vnd.wap.wml",
".wmx": "video/x-ms-wmx",
".wp6": "application/x-wp6",
".wpg": "application/x-wpg",
".wq1": "application/x-wq1",
".wri": "application/x-wri",
".ws": "application/x-ws",
".wsc": "text/scriptlet",
".wvx": "video/x-ms-wvx",
".xdr": "text/xml",
".xfdf": "application/vnd.adobe.xfdf",
".xls": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
".xlw": "application/x-xlw",
".xpl": "audio/scpls",
".xql": "text/xml",
".xsd": "text/xml",
".xslt": "text/xml",
".x_b": "application/x-x_b",
".sisx": "application/vnd.symbian.install",
".ipa": "application/vnd.iphone",
".xap": "application/x-silverlight-app",
".zip": "application/x-zip-compressed",
}
export default mimeMap;
注意：
因源码无法直接在项目中使用，本文代码在源码的基础上完善了一些改动的基础上完善了一些改动（不出意外的话应该是可以直接使用的，如果不行的话在一起探讨咯）。
如果本文代码无法满足您的需求，还请移步去看一下源码 github https://github.com/zlyboy/wx-formdata
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