Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务

Ribbon

简介

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。当然，我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中，当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。

说白了使用这个也就是让消费者从之前的直接调用生产者换成调用Eureka注册中心。

使用

（有不明白的可以查看我的上篇博客）
消费端microservice-student-consumer-80：
pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

yml:
register-with-eureka: false消费者不需要注册到eureka。

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zlk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zlk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zlk.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

在配置类中加上负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced，

package com.zlk.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {

    @LoadBalanced
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

启动类MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application加上@EnableEurekaClient注解，

package com.zlk.microservicestudentconsumer80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.class, args);
    }

}

还要修改的是controller的PRE_HOST，改成指定的微服务应用名称

修改的前提是在生产者中加入了application.name
然后就可以在controller中修改PRE_HOST，

 private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT";

这里为什么要大写呢？因为在eureka的控制中心显示的是大写的。

配置完后即可测试。

Ribbon负载均衡

要实现Ribbon负载均衡，首先要服务提供者集群，
Ribbon负载均衡的作用就是减轻服务器压力，若1000个请求同时在一个服务器上，那样服务器压力会很重，利用集群，分布在三个服务器上，这样就减轻了压力，另外也解决了当一个服务器出现故障，该怎么办的问题，Ribbon负载均衡会调用其他服务器来解决请求。

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

yml：
这里模仿的是eureka集群。

---
server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t224?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1001
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zlk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zlk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zlk.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.zlk.springcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://zlk.com
  phone: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1002
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t224?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1002

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1002
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zlk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zlk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zlk.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.zlk.springcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1002
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://zlk.com
  phone: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1003
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t224?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1003

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1003
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zlk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zlk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zlk.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.zlk.springcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1003
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://zlk.com
  phone: 123456

启动类MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication：

package com.zlk.microservicestudentprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EnableEurekaClient
@EntityScan("com.zlk.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

然后把MicroserviceStudentProvider1001中的
copy过去，改下报错，
再把启动程序copy三份，注意更改名字好区分，且要加参数。

为了演示效果，知道调用的是哪个生产者，我这里添加了一个方法：
StudentProviderController.java：

@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;

@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
    return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}

在消费者也添加了这个方法，接下来就可以测试了。

当我刷新一下，

他就会换一个服务器来处理我的请求， 这种默认的方式是轮询。

ribbon策略

但轮询是有个问题的，那就是当我把其中一个服务器关闭之后，他还是会让停掉的那个服务器处理请求就会报错，

所以我们得换个策略，
以下是Ribbon自带负载均衡策略比较：

策略名	策略声明	策略描述	实现说明
BestAvailableRule	public class BestAvailableRule extends ClientConfigEnabledRoundRobinRule	选择一个最小的并发请求的server	逐个考察Server，如果Server被tripped了，则忽略，在选择其中ActiveRequestsCount最小的server
AvailabilityFilteringRule	public class AvailabilityFilteringRule extends PredicateBasedRule	过滤掉那些因为一直连接失败的被标记为circuit tripped的后端server，并过滤掉那些高并发的的后端server（active connections 超过配置的阈值）	使用一个AvailabilityPredicate来包含过滤server的逻辑，其实就就是检查status里记录的各个server的运行状态
WeightedResponseTimeRule	public class WeightedResponseTimeRule extends RoundRobinRule	根据相应时间分配一个weight，相应时间越长，weight越小，被选中的可能性越低。	一个后台线程定期的从status里面读取评价响应时间，为每个server计算一个weight。Weight的计算也比较简单responsetime 减去每个server自己平均的responsetime是server的权重。当刚开始运行，没有形成statas时，使用roubine策略选择server。
RetryRule	public class RetryRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule	对选定的负载均衡策略机上重试机制。	在一个配置时间段内当选择server不成功，则一直尝试使用subRule的方式选择一个可用的server
RoundRobinRule	public class RoundRobinRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule	roundRobin方式轮询选择server	轮询index，选择index对应位置的server
RandomRule	public class RandomRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule	随机选择一个server	在index上随机，选择index对应位置的server
ZoneAvoidanceRule	public class ZoneAvoidanceRule extends PredicateBasedRule	复合判断server所在区域的性能和server的可用性选择server	使用ZoneAvoidancePredicate和AvailabilityPredicate来判断是否选择某个server，前一个判断判定一个zone的运行性能是否可用，剔除不可用的zone（的所有server），AvailabilityPredicate用于过滤掉连接数过多的Server。

这里我使用的是RetryRule:

    /**
     * 自定义调用规则（服务提供者掉线后不再调用，解决轮询问题）
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RetryRule();
    }

效果的话就是刷新的时候会避开被关掉的端口。

Feign简介及应用

简介

官方简介：
Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端，它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持，包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持，还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。

通俗的讲：
这里说下实际使用，前面Ribbon调用服务提供者，我们通过restTemplate调用，缺点是，多个地方调用，同一个请求要写多次，不方便统一维护，这时候Feign来了，就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient，然后其他调用Controller需要用到的，直接注入service，直接调用service方法即可；同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka，所以要配置负载均衡的话，直接配置Ribbon即可，无其他特殊地方；当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护，断路器Hystrix，后面再说。

运用

在microservice-common添加pom.xml：

<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>

建立StudentClientService接口；

package com.zlk.microservicecommon.service;

import com.zlk.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Student Feign接口客户端
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {

    /**
     * 根据id查询学生信息
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    /**
     * 查询学生信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/list")
    public List<Student> list();

    /**
     * 添加或者修改学生信息
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping(value="/student/save")
    public boolean save(Student student);

    /**
     * 根据id删除学生信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
    public String ribbon();
}

新建一个Feign消费者项目；
参考microservice-student-consumer-80建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
代码都复制一份，
pom.xm;：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-feign-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zlk</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--引入Feign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

建立一个配置类：

SpringCloudConfig:
这里谢了远程调用的，也写了ribbon策略。

package com.zlk.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {

    @LoadBalanced  // 引入ribbon负载均衡
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    /**
     * 自定义调用规则（服务提供者掉线后不再调用，解决轮询问题）
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RetryRule();
    }
}

yml文件：

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zlk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zlk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zlk.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

启动类：

package com.zlk.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;


@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.zlk.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
    }

}

controller：

package com.zlk.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;

import com.zlk.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.zlk.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentClientService studentClientService;

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @PostMapping(value = "/save")
    private boolean save(Student student) {
        return studentClientService.save(student);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    public List<Student> list() {
        return studentClientService.list();
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return studentClientService.get(id);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        try {
            studentClientService.delete(id);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return studentClientService.ribbon();
    }
}

当我点击 private StudentClientService studentClientService;点进去的话，则会进入到microservice-common,

当服务器更改了名字之后，就不需要一个一个的进调用过的项目中更改了，只需在这更改即可。

测试即可。