- 今天我们来聊一下前后端分离,数据的安全怎么保证
- 现代随着网络的进步,数据的安全愈发重要,那么怎么保证数据的安全性呢?今天我来叫大家一种简单的方法。
- 首先简单介绍,我今天要说的这套方法是用于 RSA+ASE+SHA256 的加密方式。
- 然后咱们先从后端打起(不需要引用jar包)。代码如下:
package com.srx.Util;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import org.apache.commons.codec.DecoderException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
/**
* @Description: RSA+ASE+SHA256(非对称加密(对称秘钥),对称加密数据,Sha256消息摘要,RSA签名)
* @author 刘潇 2020年6月16日09:14:17
* @version 1.0
*/
public class RAS {
// 加密数据和秘钥的编码方式
public static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";
// 填充方式
public static final String AES_ALGORITHM = "AES/CFB/PKCS5Padding";
public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";
public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM_NOPADDING = "RSA";
/**
* Description: 解密接收数据
* @author wh.huang DateTime 2018年11月15日 下午5:06:42
* @param externalPublicKey
* @param selfPrivateKey
* @param receivedMap
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
* @throws DecoderException
*/
public static String decryptReceivedData(PublicKey externalPublicKey, PrivateKey selfPrivateKey, String receiveData) throws InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, DecoderException {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Map<String, String> receivedMap = (Map<String, String>) JSON.parse(receiveData);
// receivedMap为请求方通过from urlencoded方式,请求过来的参数列表
String inputSign = receivedMap.get("sign");
// 用请求方提供的公钥验签,能配对sign,说明来源正确
inputSign = decryptRSA(externalPublicKey, inputSign);
// 校验sign是否一致
String sign = sha256(receivedMap);
if (!sign.equals(inputSign)) {
// sign校验不通过,说明双方发送出的数据和对方收到的数据不一致
System.out.println("input sign: " + inputSign + ", calculated sign: " + sign);
return null;
}
// 解密请求方在发送请求时,加密data字段所用的对称加密密钥
String key = receivedMap.get("key");
String salt = receivedMap.get("salt");
key = decryptRSA(selfPrivateKey, key);
salt = decryptRSA(selfPrivateKey, salt);
// 解密data数据
String data = decryptAES(key, salt, receivedMap.get("data"));
System.out.println("接收到的data内容:" + data);
return data;
}
/**
* Description: 加密数据组织示例
* @author wh.huang DateTime 2018年11月15日 下午5:20:11
* @param externalPublicKey
* @param selfPrivateKey
* @return 加密后的待发送数据
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws InvalidKeySpecException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
*/
public static String encryptSendData(PublicKey externalPublicKey, PrivateKey selfPrivateKey,JSONObject sendData) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException,
InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException, BadPaddingException,
IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
// 随机生成对称加密的密钥和IV (IV就是加盐的概念,加密的偏移量)
String aesKeyWithBase64 = genRandomAesSecretKey();
String aesIVWithBase64 = genRandomIV();
// 用接收方提供的公钥加密key和salt,接收方会用对应的私钥解密
String key = encryptRSA(externalPublicKey, aesKeyWithBase64);
String salt = encryptRSA(externalPublicKey, aesIVWithBase64);
// 组织业务数据信息,并用上面生成的对称加密的密钥和IV进行加密
System.out.println("发送的data内容:" + sendData.toJSONString());
String cipherData = encryptAES(aesKeyWithBase64, aesIVWithBase64, sendData.toJSONString());
// 组织请求的key、value对
Map<String, String> requestMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
requestMap.put("key", key);
requestMap.put("salt", salt);
requestMap.put("data", cipherData);
requestMap.put("source", "由接收方提供"); // 添加来源标识
// 计算sign,并用请求方的私钥加签,接收方会用请求方发放的公钥验签
String sign = sha256(requestMap);
requestMap.put("sign", encryptRSA(selfPrivateKey, sign));
// TODO: 以form urlencoded方式调用,参数为上面组织出来的requestMap
// 注意:请务必以form urlencoded方式,否则base64转码后的个别字符可能会被转成空格,对方接收后将无法正常处理
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.putAll(requestMap);
return json.toString();
}
/**
* Description: 获取随机的对称加密的密钥
* @author wh.huang DateTime 2018年11月15日 下午5:25:53
* @return 对称秘钥字符
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
*/
private static String genRandomAesSecretKey() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException,
IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException {
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGen.init(128);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGen.generateKey();
String keyWithBase64 = Base64.encodeBase64(secretKey.getEncoded()).toString();
return keyWithBase64;
}
private static String genRandomIV() {
SecureRandom r = new SecureRandom();
byte[] iv = new byte[16];
r.nextBytes(iv);
String ivParam = Base64.encodeBase64(iv)+"";
return ivParam;
}
/**
* 对称加密数据
*
* @param keyWithBase64
* @param aesIVWithBase64
* @param plainText
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
*/
private static String encryptAES(String keyWithBase64, String ivWithBase64, String plainText)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
byte[] keyWithBase64Arry = keyWithBase64.getBytes();
byte[] ivWithBase64Arry = ivWithBase64.getBytes();
SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(keyWithBase64Arry), "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Base64.decodeBase64(ivWithBase64Arry));
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, iv);
return Base64.encodeBase64(cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes(UTF_8))).toString();
}
/**
* 对称解密数据
*
* @param keyWithBase64
* @param cipherText
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
*/
private static String decryptAES(String keyWithBase64, String ivWithBase64, String cipherText)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
byte[] keyWithBase64Arry = keyWithBase64.getBytes();
byte[] ivWithBase64Arry = ivWithBase64.getBytes();
byte[] cipherTextArry = cipherText.getBytes();
SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(keyWithBase64Arry), "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Base64.decodeBase64(ivWithBase64Arry));
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, iv);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(cipherTextArry)), UTF_8);
}
/**
* 非对称加密,根据公钥和原始内容产生加密内容
*
* @param key
* @param content
* @return
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
*/
private static String encryptRSA(Key key, String plainText)
throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, UnsupportedEncodingException,
BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
return Base64.encodeBase64(cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes(UTF_8))).toString();
}
/**
* 根据私钥和加密内容产生原始内容
* @param key
* @param content
* @return
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws DecoderException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
*/
private static String decryptRSA(Key key, String content) throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, DecoderException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] contentArry = content.getBytes();
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(contentArry)), UTF_8);
}
/**
* 计算sha256值
*
* @param paramMap
* @return 签名后的所有数据,原始数据+签名
*/
private static String sha256(Map<String, String> paramMap) {
Map<String, String> params = new TreeMap<String, String>(paramMap);
StringBuilder concatStr = new StringBuilder();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
if ("sign".equals(entry.getKey())) {
continue;
}
concatStr.append(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue() + "&");
}
return DigestUtils.md5Hex(concatStr.toString());
}
/**
* 创建RSA的公钥和私钥示例 将生成的公钥和私钥用Base64编码后打印出来
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
*/
public static void createKeyPairs() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyPairGenerator.initialize(1234); //根据这个值生成公私钥 2048
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
System.out.println("公钥"+Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
System.out.println("私钥"+Base64.encodeBase64(privateKey.getEncoded()));
// 查看公私钥
String s = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
String sr = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(privateKey.getEncoded()));
System.out.println("公"+s);
System.out.println("私"+sr);
}
// 测试公私钥生成
@Test
public void aaa(){
try {
RAS.createKeyPairs();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Description:默认的RSA解密方法 一般用来解密 参数 小数据
* @author wh.huang DateTime 2018年12月14日 下午3:43:11
* @param privateKeyStr
* @param data
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws InvalidKeySpecException
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
* @throws BadPaddingException
*/
public static String decryptRSADefault(String privateKeyStr,String data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM_NOPADDING);
byte[] privateKeyArray = privateKeyStr.getBytes();
byte[] dataArray = data.getBytes();
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKeyArray));
PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM_NOPADDING);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(dataArray)), UTF_8);
}
}
后端打起了咱们就要从前端正式开始编码,
1、咱们先用后端代码中的@test单元测试生成公私钥,并记录下来,然后创建一个隐藏域将记录的公钥cv一下
<textarea id="publickey" rows="20" cols="60" style="display:none">
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
你的私钥
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
</textarea>
2、导入相应的js
<script src="js/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<!-- 引入非对称RSA加密工具 -->
<script src="js/encrypt/csoft_encrypt.min.js"></script>
3、我在这里提供一个简单的前端加密方法,代码如下:
function qyzx(nbxh,url,ff){
// 获取公钥
var publicKey = $('#publickey').val();
// 创建加密实例
var jsencrypt = new JSEncrypt();
// 初始化公钥
jsencrypt.setPublicKey(publicKey);
// 加密数据
nbxh =jsencrypt.encrypt(nbxh);
var e = document.createElement("a");
e.href = url+"xxxx.do?method="+ff+"&nbxh="+nbxh+"&bqz=hz";
e.target="_blank";
document.body.appendChild(e);
e.click();
}
4、到了这一步,前端向后端发送加密数据就已经成功了,接下来我们进行后端的解密工作,就可以使用加密数据了,代码如下:
final String PRIVATE_KEY_STR = "你的私钥";
try {
String aaa = RAS.decryptRSADefault(PRIVATE_KEY_STR,"111111");
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
就此一个简单的公私钥加密就完成了。
前端加密js下载地址:https://github.com/travist/jsencrypt