java获取日期/时间

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 18:23:09 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44694222/article/details/128896311

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获取年月日、小时分钟秒

public class DateTimeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.YEAR));
        System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1); // 0 - 11
        System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.DATE));
        System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
        System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE));
        System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.SECOND));
        // Java 8
        LocalDateTime dt = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(dt.getYear());
        System.out.println(dt.getMonthValue()); // 1 - 12
        System.out.println(dt.getDayOfMonth());
        System.out.println(dt.getHour());
        System.out.println(dt.getMinute());
        System.out.println(dt.getSecond());
    }
}

获取某月的最后一天

public static void main(String[] args) {
    SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
    //获取当前月第一天：
    Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
    c.add(Calendar.MONTH, 0);
    c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1);//设置为 1 号,当前日期既为本月第一天
    String first = format.format(c.getTime());
    System.out.println("===============first:" + first);

    //获取当前月最后一天
    Calendar ca = Calendar.getInstance();
    ca.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, ca.getActualMaximum(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
    String last = format.format(ca.getTime());
    System.out.println("===============last:" + last);

    //Java 8
    LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
    //本月的第一天
    LocalDate firstday = LocalDate.of(today.getYear(), today.getMonth(), 1);
    //本月的最后一天
    LocalDate lastDay = today.with(TemporalAdjusters.lastDayOfMonth());
    System.out.println("本月的第一天" + firstday);
    System.out.println("本月的最后一天" + lastDay);
}

打印昨天的当前时刻

public class YesterdayCurrent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);
        System.out.println(cal.getTime());

        //java-8
        LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
        LocalDateTime yesterday = today.minusDays(1);
        System.out.println(yesterday);
    }
}

格式化日期

public class DateFormatTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SimpleDateFormat oldFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd");
        Date date1 = new Date();
        System.out.println(oldFormatter.format(date1));

        // Java 8
        DateTimeFormatter newFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd");
        LocalDate date2 = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println(date2.format(newFormatter));
    }
}

获取从 1970 年 1 月 1 日 0 时 0 分 0 秒到现在的毫秒数

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis());//第一种方式
    System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()); //第二种方式
    // Java 8
    System.out.println(Clock.systemDefaultZone().millis());
}

Java 8 日期/时间常用 API

1.java.time.LocalDate

LocalDate 是一个不可变的类，它表示默认格式(yyyy-MM-dd)的日期，我们可以使用 now()方法得到当前时间，也可以提供输入年份、月份和日期的输入参数来创建一个 LocalDate 实例。该类为 now()方法提供了重载方法，我们可以传入 ZoneId 来获得指定时区的日期。该类提供与 java.sql.Date 相同的功能，对于如何使用该类，我们来看一个简单的例子。

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;

public class LocalDateExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Current Date
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println("Current Date=" + today);
        //Creating LocalDate by providing input arguments
        LocalDate firstDay_2014 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.JANUARY, 1);
        System.out.println("Specific Date=" + firstDay_2014);
        //Try creating date by providing invalid inputs
        //LocalDate feb29_2014 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.FEBRUARY, 29);
        // Exception in thread "main" java.time.DateTimeException:
        // Invalid date 'February 29' as '2014' is not a leap year
        // Current date in "Asia/Kolkata", you can get it from ZoneId javadoc
        LocalDate todayKolkata = LocalDate.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
        System.out.println("Current Date in IST=" + todayKolkata);
        //java.time.zone.ZoneRulesException: Unknown time-zone ID: IST
        //LocalDate todayIST = LocalDate.now(ZoneId.of("IST"));
        //Getting date from the base date i.e 01/01/1970
        LocalDate dateFromBase = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(365);
        System.out.println("365th day from base date= " + dateFromBase);
        LocalDate hundredDay2014 = LocalDate.ofYearDay(2014, 100);
        System.out.println("100th day of 2014=" + hundredDay2014);
    }
}

2.java.time.LocalTime

LocalTime 是一个不可变的类，它的实例代表一个符合人类可读格式的时间，默认格式是 hh:mm:ss.zzz。像LocalDate 一样，该类也提供了时区支持，同时也可以传入小时、分钟和秒等输入参数创建实例，我们来看一个简单的程序，演示该类的使用方法。

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;

public class LocalTimeExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Current Time
        LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
        System.out.println("Current Time="+time);
        //Creating LocalTime by providing input arguments
        LocalTime specificTime = LocalTime.of(12,20,25,40);
        System.out.println("Specific Time of Day="+specificTime);
        //Try creating time by providing invalid inputs
        //LocalTime invalidTime = LocalTime.of(25,20);
        //Exception in thread "main" java.time.DateTimeException:
        //Invalid value for HourOfDay (valid values 0 - 23): 25
        //Current date in "Asia/Kolkata", you can get it from ZoneId javadoc
        LocalTime timeKolkata = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
        System.out.println("Current Time in IST="+timeKolkata);
        //java.time.zone.ZoneRulesException: Unknown time-zone ID: IST
        //LocalTime todayIST = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.of("IST"));
        //Getting date from the base date i.e 01/01/1970
        LocalTime specificSecondTime = LocalTime.ofSecondOfDay(10000);
        System.out.println("10000th second time= "+specificSecondTime);
    }
}

3.java.time.LocalDateTime

LocalDateTime 是一个不可变的日期-时间对象，它表示一组日期-时间，默认格式是 yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss.zzz。它提供了一个工厂方法，接收 LocalDate 和 LocalTime 输入参数，创建 LocalDateTime 实例。我们来看一个简单的例子。

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;

public class LocalDateTimeExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Current Date
        LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println("Current DateTime=" + today);
        //Current Date using LocalDate and LocalTime
        today = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.now(), LocalTime.now());
        System.out.println("Current DateTime=" + today);
        //Creating LocalDateTime by providing input arguments
        LocalDateTime specificDate = LocalDateTime.of(2014, Month.JANUARY, 1, 10, 10, 30);
        System.out.println("Specific Date=" + specificDate);
        //Try creating date by providing invalid inputs
        //LocalDateTime feb29_2014 = LocalDateTime.of(2014, Month.FEBRUARY, 28, 25,1,1);
        //Exception in thread "main" java.time.DateTimeException:
        //Invalid value for HourOfDay (valid values 0 - 23): 25
        //Current date in "Asia/Kolkata", you can get it from ZoneId javadoc
        LocalDateTime todayKolkata = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
        System.out.println("Current Date in IST=" + todayKolkata);
        //java.time.zone.ZoneRulesException: Unknown time-zone ID: IST
        //LocalDateTime todayIST = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("IST"));
        //Getting date from the base date i.e 01/01/1970
        LocalDateTime dateFromBase = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(10000, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
        System.out.println("10000th second time from 01/01/1970= " + dateFromBase);
    }
}

4. java.time.Instant

Instant 类是用在机器可读的时间格式上的，它以 Unix 时间戳的形式存储日期时间，我们来看一个简单的程序。

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class InstantExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Current timestamp
        Instant timestamp = Instant.now();
        System.out.println("Current Timestamp = " + timestamp);
        System.out.println("秒数:"+timestamp.getEpochSecond());
        System.out.println("毫秒数:"+timestamp.toEpochMilli());
        // 增加8个小时
        Instant instant = Instant.now().plusMillis(TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(8));
        System.out.println("Current Timestamp = " + instant);
        // 指定区域为上海 亚洲时间
        ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = Instant.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
        System.out.println(zonedDateTime);
        //Instant from timestamp
        Instant specificTime = Instant.ofEpochMilli(timestamp.toEpochMilli());
        System.out.println("Specific Time = " + specificTime);
        //Duration example
        Duration thirtyDay = Duration.ofDays(30);
        System.out.println(thirtyDay);
    }
}

5. 日期 API 工具

我们早些时候提到过，大多数日期/时间 API 类都实现了一系列工具方法，如：加/减天数、周数、月份数，等等。还有其他的工具方法能够使用 TemporalAdjuster 调整日期，并计算两个日期间的周期。

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;

public class DateAPIUtilities {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        //Get the Year, check if it's leap year
        System.out.println("Year " + today.getYear() + " is Leap Year? " + today.isLeapYear());

        //Compare two LocalDate for before and after
        System.out.println("Today is before 01/01/2015? " + today.isBefore(LocalDate.of(2015, 1, 1)));
        //Create LocalDateTime from LocalDate
        System.out.println("Current Time=" + today.atTime(LocalTime.now()));
        //plus and minus operations
        System.out.println("10 days after today will be " + today.plusDays(10));
        System.out.println("3 weeks after today will be " + today.plusWeeks(3));
        System.out.println("20 months after today will be " + today.plusMonths(20));
        System.out.println("10 days before today will be " + today.minusDays(10));
        System.out.println("3 weeks before today will be " + today.minusWeeks(3));
        System.out.println("20 months before today will be " + today.minusMonths(20));
        //Temporal adjusters for adjusting the dates
        System.out.println("First date of this month= " + today.
                with(TemporalAdjusters.firstDayOfMonth()));
        LocalDate lastDayOfYear = today.with(TemporalAdjusters.lastDayOfYear());
        System.out.println("Last date of this year= " + lastDayOfYear);
        Period period = today.until(lastDayOfYear);
        System.out.println("Period Format= " + period);
        System.out.println("Months remaining in the year= " + period.getMonths());
    }
}

6. 解析和格式化

将一个日期格式转换为不同的格式，之后再解析一个字符串，得到日期时间对象，这些都是很常见的。我们来看一下简单的例子。

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.*;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

public class DateParseFormatExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Format examples
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
        //default format
        System.out.println("Default format of LocalDate=" + date);
        //specific format
        System.out.println(date.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d::MMM::uuuu")));
        System.out.println(date.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));
        LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
        //default format
        System.out.println("Default format of LocalDateTime=" + dateTime);
        //specific format
        System.out.println(dateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d::MMM::uuuu HH::mm::ss")));
        System.out.println(dateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));
        Instant timestamp = Instant.now();
        //default format
        System.out.println("Default format of Instant=" + timestamp);

        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
         指定区域为上海 亚洲时间
        ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = Instant.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
        System.out.println(formatter.format(zonedDateTime));

        //Parse examples
        LocalDateTime dt = LocalDateTime.parse("27::2月::2014 21::39::48",
                DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d::MMM::uuuu HH::mm::ss"));
        System.out.println("Default format after parsing = " + dt);
        System.out.println(dt.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));
    }
}

7. 旧的日期时间支持

旧的日期/时间类已经在几乎所有的应用程序中使用，因此做到向下兼容是必须的。这也是为什么会有若干工具方法帮助我们将旧的类转换为新的类，反之亦然。我们来看一下简单的例子。

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class DateAPILegacySupport {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Date to Instant
        Instant timestamp = new Date().toInstant();
        //Now we can convert Instant to LocalDateTime or other similar classes
        LocalDateTime date = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(timestamp,
                ZoneId.of(ZoneId.SHORT_IDS.get("PST")));
        System.out.println("Date = " + date);
        //Calendar to Instant
        Instant time = Calendar.getInstance().toInstant();
        System.out.println(time);
        //TimeZone to ZoneId
        ZoneId defaultZone = TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId();
        System.out.println(defaultZone);
        //ZonedDateTime from specific Calendar
        ZonedDateTime gregorianCalendarDateTime = new GregorianCalendar().toZonedDateTime();
        System.out.println(gregorianCalendarDateTime);
        //Date API to Legacy classes
        Date dt = Date.from(Instant.now());
        System.out.println(dt);
        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(defaultZone);
        System.out.println(tz);
        GregorianCalendar gc = GregorianCalendar.from(gregorianCalendarDateTime);
        System.out.println(gc);
    }
}

8.简单实用 java.time 的 API 实用

package com.gtt.helloword.test;

import java.time.*;
import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDateTime;
import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
import java.time.chrono.HijrahChronology;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.temporal.IsoFields;
import java.util.Date;

public class TimeIntroduction {
    public static void testClock() throws InterruptedException {
        //时钟提供给我们用于访问某个特定 时区的 瞬时时间、日期 和 时间的。
        Clock c1 = Clock.systemUTC(); //系统默认 UTC 时钟（当前瞬时时间 System.currentTimeMillis()）
        System.out.println(c1.millis()); //每次调用将返回当前瞬时时间（UTC）
        Clock c2 = Clock.systemDefaultZone(); //系统默认时区时钟（当前瞬时时间）
        Clock c31 = Clock.system(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris")); //巴黎时区
        System.out.println(c31.millis()); //每次调用将返回当前瞬时时间（UTC）
        Clock c32 = Clock.system(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));//上海时区
        System.out.println(c32.millis());//每次调用将返回当前瞬时时间（UTC）
        Clock c4 = Clock.fixed(Instant.now(), ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));//固定上海时区时钟
        System.out.println(c4.millis());
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        System.out.println(c4.millis()); //不变 即时钟时钟在那一个点不动
        Clock c5 = Clock.offset(c1, Duration.ofSeconds(2)); //相对于系统默认时钟两秒的时钟
        System.out.println(c1.millis());
        System.out.println(c5.millis());
    }

    public static void testInstant() {
        //瞬时时间 相当于以前的 System.currentTimeMillis()
        Instant instant1 = Instant.now();
        System.out.println(instant1.getEpochSecond());//精确到秒 得到相对于 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 的一个时间
        System.out.println(instant1.toEpochMilli()); //精确到毫秒
        Clock clock1 = Clock.systemUTC(); //获取系统 UTC 默认时钟
        Instant instant2 = Instant.now(clock1);//得到时钟的瞬时时间
        System.out.println(instant2.toEpochMilli());
        Clock clock2 = Clock.fixed(instant1, ZoneId.systemDefault()); //固定瞬时时间时钟
        Instant instant3 = Instant.now(clock2);//得到时钟的瞬时时间
        System.out.println(instant3.toEpochMilli());//equals instant1
    }

    public static void testLocalDateTime() {
        //使用默认时区时钟瞬时时间创建 Clock.systemDefaultZone() -->即相对于 ZoneId.systemDefault() 默认时区
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(now);
        //自定义时区
        LocalDateTime now2 = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
        System.out.println(now2);//会以相应的时区显示日期
        //自定义时钟
        Clock clock = Clock.system(ZoneId.of("Asia/Dhaka"));
        LocalDateTime now3 = LocalDateTime.now(clock);
        System.out.println(now3);//会以相应的时区显示日期
        //不需要写什么相对时间 如 java.util.Date 年是相对于 1900 月是从 0 开始
        //2013-12-31 23:59
        LocalDateTime d1 = LocalDateTime.of(2013, 12, 31, 23, 59);
        //年月日 时分秒 纳秒
        LocalDateTime d2 = LocalDateTime.of(2013, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 11);
        //使用瞬时时间 + 时区
        Instant instant = Instant.now();
        LocalDateTime d3 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.now(), ZoneId.systemDefault());
        System.out.println(d3);
        //解析 String--->LocalDateTime
        LocalDateTime d4 = LocalDateTime.parse("2013-12-31T23:59");
        System.out.println(d4);
        LocalDateTime d5 = LocalDateTime.parse("2013-12-31T23:59:59.999");//999 毫秒 等价于 999000000 纳秒

        System.out.println(d5);
        //使用 DateTimeFormatter API 解析 和 格式化
        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
        LocalDateTime d6 = LocalDateTime.parse("2013/12/31 23:59:59", formatter);
        System.out.println(formatter.format(d6));
        //时间获取
        System.out.println(d6.getYear());
        System.out.println(d6.getMonth());
        System.out.println(d6.getDayOfYear());
        System.out.println(d6.getDayOfMonth());
        System.out.println(d6.getDayOfWeek());
        System.out.println(d6.getHour());
        System.out.println(d6.getMinute());
        System.out.println(d6.getSecond());
        System.out.println(d6.getNano());
        //时间增减
        LocalDateTime d7 = d6.minusDays(1);
        LocalDateTime d8 = d7.plus(1, IsoFields.QUARTER_YEARS);
        //LocalDate 即年月日 无时分秒
        //LocalTime 即时分秒 无年月日
        //API 和 LocalDateTime 类似就不演示了
    }

    public static void testZonedDateTime() {
        //即带有时区的 date-time 存储纳秒、时区和时差（避免与本地 date-time 歧义）。
        //API 和 LocalDateTime 类似，只是多了时差(如 2013-12-20T10:35:50.711+08:00[Asia/Shanghai])
        ZonedDateTime now = ZonedDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(now);
        ZonedDateTime now2 = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
        System.out.println(now2);
        //其他的用法也是类似的 就不介绍了
        ZonedDateTime z1 = ZonedDateTime.parse("2013-12-31T23:59:59Z[Europe/Paris]");
        System.out.println(z1);
    }

    public static void testDuration() {
        //表示两个瞬时时间的时间段
        Duration d1 = Duration.between(Instant.ofEpochMilli(System.currentTimeMillis() - 12323123),
                Instant.now());
        //得到相应的时差
        System.out.println(d1.toDays());
        System.out.println(d1.toHours());
        System.out.println(d1.toMinutes());

        System.out.println(d1.toMillis());
        System.out.println(d1.toNanos());
        //1 天时差 类似的还有如 ofHours()
        Duration d2 = Duration.ofDays(1);
        System.out.println(d2.toDays());
    }

    public static void testChronology() {
        //提供对 java.util.Calendar 的替换，提供对年历系统的支持
        Chronology c = HijrahChronology.INSTANCE;
        ChronoLocalDateTime d = c.localDateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
        System.out.println(d);
    }

    /**
     * 新旧日期转换
     */
    public static void testNewOldDateConversion() {
        Instant instant = new Date().toInstant();
        Date date = Date.from(instant);
        System.out.println(instant);
        System.out.println(date);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        testClock();
        testInstant();
        testLocalDateTime();
        testZonedDateTime();
        testDuration();
        testChronology();
        testNewOldDateConversion();
    }
}

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java获取日期/时间

/获取当前月第一天：//设置为 1 号,当前日期既为本月第一天//获取当前月最后一天//Java 8//本月的第一天//本月的最后一天System.out.println("本月的第一天" + firstday);System.out.println("本月的最后一天" + lastDay);
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