获取年月日、小时分钟秒
public class DateTimeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.YEAR));
System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1); // 0 - 11
System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.DATE));
System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE));
System.out.println(cal.get(Calendar.SECOND));
// Java 8
LocalDateTime dt = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(dt.getYear());
System.out.println(dt.getMonthValue()); // 1 - 12
System.out.println(dt.getDayOfMonth());
System.out.println(dt.getHour());
System.out.println(dt.getMinute());
System.out.println(dt.getSecond());
}
}
获取某月的最后一天
public static void main(String[] args) {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
//获取当前月第一天:
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
c.add(Calendar.MONTH, 0);
c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1);//设置为 1 号,当前日期既为本月第一天
String first = format.format(c.getTime());
System.out.println("===============first:" + first);
//获取当前月最后一天
Calendar ca = Calendar.getInstance();
ca.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, ca.getActualMaximum(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
String last = format.format(ca.getTime());
System.out.println("===============last:" + last);
//Java 8
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
//本月的第一天
LocalDate firstday = LocalDate.of(today.getYear(), today.getMonth(), 1);
//本月的最后一天
LocalDate lastDay = today.with(TemporalAdjusters.lastDayOfMonth());
System.out.println("本月的第一天" + firstday);
System.out.println("本月的最后一天" + lastDay);
}
打印昨天的当前时刻
public class YesterdayCurrent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
cal.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);
System.out.println(cal.getTime());
//java-8
LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
LocalDateTime yesterday = today.minusDays(1);
System.out.println(yesterday);
}
}
格式化日期
public class DateFormatTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SimpleDateFormat oldFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd");
Date date1 = new Date();
System.out.println(oldFormatter.format(date1));
// Java 8
DateTimeFormatter newFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd");
LocalDate date2 = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println(date2.format(newFormatter));
}
}
获取从 1970 年 1 月 1 日 0 时 0 分 0 秒到现在的毫秒数
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis());//第一种方式
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()); //第二种方式
// Java 8
System.out.println(Clock.systemDefaultZone().millis());
}
Java 8 日期/时间常用 API
1.java.time.LocalDate
LocalDate 是一个不可变的类,它表示默认格式(yyyy-MM-dd)的日期,我们可以使用 now()方法得到当前时间,也可以提供输入年份、月份和日期的输入参数来创建一个 LocalDate 实例。该类为 now()方法提供了重载方法,我们可以传入 ZoneId 来获得指定时区的日期。该类提供与 java.sql.Date 相同的功能,对于如何使用该类,我们来看一个简单的例子。
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;
public class LocalDateExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Current Date
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("Current Date=" + today);
//Creating LocalDate by providing input arguments
LocalDate firstDay_2014 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.JANUARY, 1);
System.out.println("Specific Date=" + firstDay_2014);
//Try creating date by providing invalid inputs
//LocalDate feb29_2014 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.FEBRUARY, 29);
// Exception in thread "main" java.time.DateTimeException:
// Invalid date 'February 29' as '2014' is not a leap year
// Current date in "Asia/Kolkata", you can get it from ZoneId javadoc
LocalDate todayKolkata = LocalDate.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
System.out.println("Current Date in IST=" + todayKolkata);
//java.time.zone.ZoneRulesException: Unknown time-zone ID: IST
//LocalDate todayIST = LocalDate.now(ZoneId.of("IST"));
//Getting date from the base date i.e 01/01/1970
LocalDate dateFromBase = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(365);
System.out.println("365th day from base date= " + dateFromBase);
LocalDate hundredDay2014 = LocalDate.ofYearDay(2014, 100);
System.out.println("100th day of 2014=" + hundredDay2014);
}
}
2.java.time.LocalTime
LocalTime 是一个不可变的类,它的实例代表一个符合人类可读格式的时间,默认格式是 hh:mm:ss.zzz。像LocalDate 一样,该类也提供了时区支持,同时也可以传入小时、分钟和秒等输入参数创建实例,我们来看一个简单的程序,演示该类的使用方法。
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
public class LocalTimeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Current Time
LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("Current Time="+time);
//Creating LocalTime by providing input arguments
LocalTime specificTime = LocalTime.of(12,20,25,40);
System.out.println("Specific Time of Day="+specificTime);
//Try creating time by providing invalid inputs
//LocalTime invalidTime = LocalTime.of(25,20);
//Exception in thread "main" java.time.DateTimeException:
//Invalid value for HourOfDay (valid values 0 - 23): 25
//Current date in "Asia/Kolkata", you can get it from ZoneId javadoc
LocalTime timeKolkata = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
System.out.println("Current Time in IST="+timeKolkata);
//java.time.zone.ZoneRulesException: Unknown time-zone ID: IST
//LocalTime todayIST = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.of("IST"));
//Getting date from the base date i.e 01/01/1970
LocalTime specificSecondTime = LocalTime.ofSecondOfDay(10000);
System.out.println("10000th second time= "+specificSecondTime);
}
}
3.java.time.LocalDateTime
LocalDateTime 是一个不可变的日期-时间对象,它表示一组日期-时间,默认格式是 yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss.zzz。它提供了一个工厂方法,接收 LocalDate 和 LocalTime 输入参数,创建 LocalDateTime 实例。我们来看一个简单的例子。
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;
public class LocalDateTimeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Current Date
LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("Current DateTime=" + today);
//Current Date using LocalDate and LocalTime
today = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.now(), LocalTime.now());
System.out.println("Current DateTime=" + today);
//Creating LocalDateTime by providing input arguments
LocalDateTime specificDate = LocalDateTime.of(2014, Month.JANUARY, 1, 10, 10, 30);
System.out.println("Specific Date=" + specificDate);
//Try creating date by providing invalid inputs
//LocalDateTime feb29_2014 = LocalDateTime.of(2014, Month.FEBRUARY, 28, 25,1,1);
//Exception in thread "main" java.time.DateTimeException:
//Invalid value for HourOfDay (valid values 0 - 23): 25
//Current date in "Asia/Kolkata", you can get it from ZoneId javadoc
LocalDateTime todayKolkata = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
System.out.println("Current Date in IST=" + todayKolkata);
//java.time.zone.ZoneRulesException: Unknown time-zone ID: IST
//LocalDateTime todayIST = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("IST"));
//Getting date from the base date i.e 01/01/1970
LocalDateTime dateFromBase = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(10000, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
System.out.println("10000th second time from 01/01/1970= " + dateFromBase);
}
}
4. java.time.Instant
Instant 类是用在机器可读的时间格式上的,它以 Unix 时间戳的形式存储日期时间,我们来看一个简单的程序。
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class InstantExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Current timestamp
Instant timestamp = Instant.now();
System.out.println("Current Timestamp = " + timestamp);
System.out.println("秒数:"+timestamp.getEpochSecond());
System.out.println("毫秒数:"+timestamp.toEpochMilli());
// 增加8个小时
Instant instant = Instant.now().plusMillis(TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(8));
System.out.println("Current Timestamp = " + instant);
// 指定区域为上海 亚洲时间
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = Instant.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
System.out.println(zonedDateTime);
//Instant from timestamp
Instant specificTime = Instant.ofEpochMilli(timestamp.toEpochMilli());
System.out.println("Specific Time = " + specificTime);
//Duration example
Duration thirtyDay = Duration.ofDays(30);
System.out.println(thirtyDay);
}
}
5. 日期 API 工具
我们早些时候提到过,大多数日期/时间 API 类都实现了一系列工具方法,如:加/减天数、周数、月份数,等等。还有其他的工具方法能够使用 TemporalAdjuster 调整日期,并计算两个日期间的周期。
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;
public class DateAPIUtilities {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
//Get the Year, check if it's leap year
System.out.println("Year " + today.getYear() + " is Leap Year? " + today.isLeapYear());
//Compare two LocalDate for before and after
System.out.println("Today is before 01/01/2015? " + today.isBefore(LocalDate.of(2015, 1, 1)));
//Create LocalDateTime from LocalDate
System.out.println("Current Time=" + today.atTime(LocalTime.now()));
//plus and minus operations
System.out.println("10 days after today will be " + today.plusDays(10));
System.out.println("3 weeks after today will be " + today.plusWeeks(3));
System.out.println("20 months after today will be " + today.plusMonths(20));
System.out.println("10 days before today will be " + today.minusDays(10));
System.out.println("3 weeks before today will be " + today.minusWeeks(3));
System.out.println("20 months before today will be " + today.minusMonths(20));
//Temporal adjusters for adjusting the dates
System.out.println("First date of this month= " + today.
with(TemporalAdjusters.firstDayOfMonth()));
LocalDate lastDayOfYear = today.with(TemporalAdjusters.lastDayOfYear());
System.out.println("Last date of this year= " + lastDayOfYear);
Period period = today.until(lastDayOfYear);
System.out.println("Period Format= " + period);
System.out.println("Months remaining in the year= " + period.getMonths());
}
}
6. 解析和格式化
将一个日期格式转换为不同的格式,之后再解析一个字符串,得到日期时间对象,这些都是很常见的。我们来看一下简单的例子。
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.*;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
public class DateParseFormatExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Format examples
LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
//default format
System.out.println("Default format of LocalDate=" + date);
//specific format
System.out.println(date.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d::MMM::uuuu")));
System.out.println(date.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));
LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
//default format
System.out.println("Default format of LocalDateTime=" + dateTime);
//specific format
System.out.println(dateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d::MMM::uuuu HH::mm::ss")));
System.out.println(dateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));
Instant timestamp = Instant.now();
//default format
System.out.println("Default format of Instant=" + timestamp);
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
指定区域为上海 亚洲时间
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = Instant.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
System.out.println(formatter.format(zonedDateTime));
//Parse examples
LocalDateTime dt = LocalDateTime.parse("27::2月::2014 21::39::48",
DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d::MMM::uuuu HH::mm::ss"));
System.out.println("Default format after parsing = " + dt);
System.out.println(dt.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));
}
}
7. 旧的日期时间支持
旧的日期/时间类已经在几乎所有的应用程序中使用,因此做到向下兼容是必须的。这也是为什么会有若干工具方法帮助我们将旧的类转换为新的类,反之亦然。我们来看一下简单的例子。
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import java.util.TimeZone;
public class DateAPILegacySupport {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Date to Instant
Instant timestamp = new Date().toInstant();
//Now we can convert Instant to LocalDateTime or other similar classes
LocalDateTime date = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(timestamp,
ZoneId.of(ZoneId.SHORT_IDS.get("PST")));
System.out.println("Date = " + date);
//Calendar to Instant
Instant time = Calendar.getInstance().toInstant();
System.out.println(time);
//TimeZone to ZoneId
ZoneId defaultZone = TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId();
System.out.println(defaultZone);
//ZonedDateTime from specific Calendar
ZonedDateTime gregorianCalendarDateTime = new GregorianCalendar().toZonedDateTime();
System.out.println(gregorianCalendarDateTime);
//Date API to Legacy classes
Date dt = Date.from(Instant.now());
System.out.println(dt);
TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(defaultZone);
System.out.println(tz);
GregorianCalendar gc = GregorianCalendar.from(gregorianCalendarDateTime);
System.out.println(gc);
}
}
8.简单实用 java.time 的 API 实用
package com.gtt.helloword.test;
import java.time.*;
import java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDateTime;
import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
import java.time.chrono.HijrahChronology;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.temporal.IsoFields;
import java.util.Date;
public class TimeIntroduction {
public static void testClock() throws InterruptedException {
//时钟提供给我们用于访问某个特定 时区的 瞬时时间、日期 和 时间的。
Clock c1 = Clock.systemUTC(); //系统默认 UTC 时钟(当前瞬时时间 System.currentTimeMillis())
System.out.println(c1.millis()); //每次调用将返回当前瞬时时间(UTC)
Clock c2 = Clock.systemDefaultZone(); //系统默认时区时钟(当前瞬时时间)
Clock c31 = Clock.system(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris")); //巴黎时区
System.out.println(c31.millis()); //每次调用将返回当前瞬时时间(UTC)
Clock c32 = Clock.system(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));//上海时区
System.out.println(c32.millis());//每次调用将返回当前瞬时时间(UTC)
Clock c4 = Clock.fixed(Instant.now(), ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));//固定上海时区时钟
System.out.println(c4.millis());
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(c4.millis()); //不变 即时钟时钟在那一个点不动
Clock c5 = Clock.offset(c1, Duration.ofSeconds(2)); //相对于系统默认时钟两秒的时钟
System.out.println(c1.millis());
System.out.println(c5.millis());
}
public static void testInstant() {
//瞬时时间 相当于以前的 System.currentTimeMillis()
Instant instant1 = Instant.now();
System.out.println(instant1.getEpochSecond());//精确到秒 得到相对于 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 的一个时间
System.out.println(instant1.toEpochMilli()); //精确到毫秒
Clock clock1 = Clock.systemUTC(); //获取系统 UTC 默认时钟
Instant instant2 = Instant.now(clock1);//得到时钟的瞬时时间
System.out.println(instant2.toEpochMilli());
Clock clock2 = Clock.fixed(instant1, ZoneId.systemDefault()); //固定瞬时时间时钟
Instant instant3 = Instant.now(clock2);//得到时钟的瞬时时间
System.out.println(instant3.toEpochMilli());//equals instant1
}
public static void testLocalDateTime() {
//使用默认时区时钟瞬时时间创建 Clock.systemDefaultZone() -->即相对于 ZoneId.systemDefault() 默认时区
LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(now);
//自定义时区
LocalDateTime now2 = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println(now2);//会以相应的时区显示日期
//自定义时钟
Clock clock = Clock.system(ZoneId.of("Asia/Dhaka"));
LocalDateTime now3 = LocalDateTime.now(clock);
System.out.println(now3);//会以相应的时区显示日期
//不需要写什么相对时间 如 java.util.Date 年是相对于 1900 月是从 0 开始
//2013-12-31 23:59
LocalDateTime d1 = LocalDateTime.of(2013, 12, 31, 23, 59);
//年月日 时分秒 纳秒
LocalDateTime d2 = LocalDateTime.of(2013, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 11);
//使用瞬时时间 + 时区
Instant instant = Instant.now();
LocalDateTime d3 = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.now(), ZoneId.systemDefault());
System.out.println(d3);
//解析 String--->LocalDateTime
LocalDateTime d4 = LocalDateTime.parse("2013-12-31T23:59");
System.out.println(d4);
LocalDateTime d5 = LocalDateTime.parse("2013-12-31T23:59:59.999");//999 毫秒 等价于 999000000 纳秒
System.out.println(d5);
//使用 DateTimeFormatter API 解析 和 格式化
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
LocalDateTime d6 = LocalDateTime.parse("2013/12/31 23:59:59", formatter);
System.out.println(formatter.format(d6));
//时间获取
System.out.println(d6.getYear());
System.out.println(d6.getMonth());
System.out.println(d6.getDayOfYear());
System.out.println(d6.getDayOfMonth());
System.out.println(d6.getDayOfWeek());
System.out.println(d6.getHour());
System.out.println(d6.getMinute());
System.out.println(d6.getSecond());
System.out.println(d6.getNano());
//时间增减
LocalDateTime d7 = d6.minusDays(1);
LocalDateTime d8 = d7.plus(1, IsoFields.QUARTER_YEARS);
//LocalDate 即年月日 无时分秒
//LocalTime 即时分秒 无年月日
//API 和 LocalDateTime 类似就不演示了
}
public static void testZonedDateTime() {
//即带有时区的 date-time 存储纳秒、时区和时差(避免与本地 date-time 歧义)。
//API 和 LocalDateTime 类似,只是多了时差(如 2013-12-20T10:35:50.711+08:00[Asia/Shanghai])
ZonedDateTime now = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println(now);
ZonedDateTime now2 = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println(now2);
//其他的用法也是类似的 就不介绍了
ZonedDateTime z1 = ZonedDateTime.parse("2013-12-31T23:59:59Z[Europe/Paris]");
System.out.println(z1);
}
public static void testDuration() {
//表示两个瞬时时间的时间段
Duration d1 = Duration.between(Instant.ofEpochMilli(System.currentTimeMillis() - 12323123),
Instant.now());
//得到相应的时差
System.out.println(d1.toDays());
System.out.println(d1.toHours());
System.out.println(d1.toMinutes());
System.out.println(d1.toMillis());
System.out.println(d1.toNanos());
//1 天时差 类似的还有如 ofHours()
Duration d2 = Duration.ofDays(1);
System.out.println(d2.toDays());
}
public static void testChronology() {
//提供对 java.util.Calendar 的替换,提供对年历系统的支持
Chronology c = HijrahChronology.INSTANCE;
ChronoLocalDateTime d = c.localDateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
System.out.println(d);
}
/**
* 新旧日期转换
*/
public static void testNewOldDateConversion() {
Instant instant = new Date().toInstant();
Date date = Date.from(instant);
System.out.println(instant);
System.out.println(date);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
testClock();
testInstant();
testLocalDateTime();
testZonedDateTime();
testDuration();
testChronology();
testNewOldDateConversion();
}
}