二叉树(前中后序)遍历——递归迭代

1.二叉树前序遍历
1.1 递归

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    void traversal(TreeNode* node, vector<int>& vec) {
        if (node == nullptr) return; //递归终止条件，即遇空节点停止递归
        vec.push_back(node->val);//将节点值放入容器,中
        traversal(node->left, vec); //左
        traversal(node->right, vec);//右
    }
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> res;
        traversal(root, res);
        return res;
    }
};

1.2 迭代

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        //迭代法
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        vector<int> res;
        if (root != nullptr) st.push(root);
        while (!st.empty()) {
            TreeNode* node = st.top();
            st.pop();
            res.push_back(node->val);
            if (node->right) st.push(node->right);
            if (node->left) st.push(node->left);
        }
        return res;
     }
};

2.二叉树中序遍历
2.1 递归

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    void traversal(TreeNode* node, vector<int>& vec) {
        if (node == nullptr) return;
        traversal(node->left, vec); //左
        vec.push_back(node->val); //中
        traversal(node->right, vec); //右
    }
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> res;
        traversal(root, res);
        return res;
    }
};

2.2 迭代

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        //迭代
        vector<int> res;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        if (root != nullptr) st.push(root);
        while (!st.empty()) {
            TreeNode* node = st.top();
            if (node != nullptr) {
                st.pop();
                if (node->right) st.push(node->right); //右
                st.push(node);  //中
                st.push(nullptr); //标志位
                if (node->left) st.push(node->left);  //左
            }
            else {
                st.pop();
                node = st.top();
                st.pop();
                res.push_back(node->val);
            }
        } 
        return res;
    }
};

3.二叉树后序遍历
3.1 递归

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    void traversal(TreeNode* node, vector<int>& vec) {
        if (node == nullptr) return;
        traversal(node->left, vec);
        traversal(node->right, vec);
        vec.push_back(node->val);
    }
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> res;
        traversal(root, res);
        return res;
    }
};

3.2 迭代

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        //迭代法
        vector<int> res;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        if (root != nullptr) st.push(root);
        while (!st.empty()) {
            TreeNode* node = st.top();
            if (node != nullptr) {
                st.push(nullptr); //标志位
                if (node->right) st.push(node->right);
                if (node->left) st.push(node->left);
            }
            else {
                st.pop();
                node = st.top();
                st.pop();
                res.push_back(node->val);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};