JWB6:过滤器与监听器的简单使用

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-08 20:13:42 发布

云杉先生和他的鹿

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-08 20:13:42 发布

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分类专栏： JavaWeb 文章标签： filter 过滤器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44700366/article/details/119768119

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6.1 Filter

6.1.1 简介

类似于一道关卡，只要通过这里必定会被捕捉到。主要是做一些字符集设置，或者用户验证什么的。跟servlet大同小异，只是，在注册过滤器时，会指定要过滤的地方，一定该路径资源被访问，则会执行过滤器。

6.1.2 例子

过滤器代码：

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CharacterEncoding implements Filter {
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("过滤器初始化了");
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");

        System.out.println("过滤器执行之前");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("过滤器执行之后");
    }

    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("过滤器销毁了");
    }
}

servlet代码：

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class test001_testFilter extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");

        resp.getWriter().println("你好，这个世界");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1"
         metadata-complete="true">

  <display-name>Welcome to Tomcat</display-name>
<!--以下提供了同一个servlet的三个mapping，只是为了测试过滤器是否有用-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>test001</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.cloud.servlet.test001_testFilter</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
    
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>test001</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/test</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
    
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>test001</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/test1</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
    
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>test001</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <filter>
    <filter-name>filter001</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.cloud.filter.CharacterEncoding</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>filter001</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

说明： 以上代码主要是处理中文乱码问题。

6.2 Listener

6.2.1 简介

跟过滤其差不多，不同之处在于，过滤器是对资源访问的捕捉，而监听器是对特定事件的捕捉。

6.2.2 简单应用

创建指定类型监听器：

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class MySessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        ServletContext servletContext = httpSessionEvent.getSession().getServletContext();
        Integer integer =(Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("onlineCount");

        if (integer==null)
            integer = new Integer(1);
        else{
            int count=integer.intValue();
            integer = new Integer(count+1);
        }

        servletContext.setAttribute("onlineCount",integer);

    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {

    }
}

web.xml配置：

  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.cloud.listener.MySessionListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

前端展示：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>现在有<span><%=this.getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute("onlineCount") %></span>人在线</h2>
</body>
</html>