SpringMvc基础入门开发

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已于 2022-07-17 22:29:13 修改

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分类专栏： SSM学习文章标签： spring servlet java mvc

于 2022-07-17 21:46:50 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44735982/article/details/125836583

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一.SpringMvc入门开发（XML配置开发）

1.pom.xml导SpringMvc相关包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.zdb</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_xml</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- 添加sevlet支持 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>

2.web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>springmvc_xml</display-name>

    <!--1.配置Springmvc前端控制器，并配置mapping映射拦截所有请求"/"-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet> 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--2.加载Sprng和SpringMvc的配置文件-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml,classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--3.配置Spring监听器，来加载Spring容器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--4.配置springMVC编码过滤器 -->
    <!-- 4.1post请求乱码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <!-- 配置编码规则 encoding-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 配置是否启动过滤器 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <!-- 配置过滤器的映射对象CharacterEncodingFilter -->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <!--过滤所有请求-->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- 4.2使用Rest风格的URI，将页面普通的post请求转为指定的delete或者put请求 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

3.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

<!-- 配置包扫描排除@Controller注解定义的bean 避免与SpringMvc的web容器重复-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zdb">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

4.spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

<!-- 配置包扫描(仅扫描控制层（且Spring的主配置文件applicationContext.xml中不能同时扫控制层）)-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zdb.controller"/>

</beans>

5.创建SpringMvc控制器

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/save")
    @ResponseBody
    public String save(){
        System.out.println("user save ...");
        return "{'module':'springMvc'}";
    };
}

二.SpringMvc入门开发（注解开发）

1.pom.xml导SpringMvc相关包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.zdb</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_anno</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- 添加sevlet支持 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>

2.创建Spring和SpringMvc的配置类

@Configuration
//配置扫描（排除@Controller注解配置的Bean）
@ComponentScan(value = "com.zdb"),
	excludeFilters=@ComopentScan.Filter(
		type=FilterType.ANNOTATION
		classes=Controller.class
	)
)
public class SpringConfig {
}

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.zdb.controller")
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

3.定义servlet容器启动的配置类，加载Spring和SpringMvc的配置（替换web.xml）(两种方式)

public class servletContainsInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    //以下1234相当于配置前端控制器 DispatcherServlet
    //1.配置读取SpringConfig配置类
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }
	//2.配置读取SpringMvcConfig配置类
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }
	//3.配置拦截映射
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
    
    /*
    //servletContainsInitConfig 继承 AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer 时的实现方法
    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        ctx.register(SpringMvcConfig.class);
        return ctx;
    }
    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        ctx.register(SpringConfig.class);
        return ctx;
    }
    
    //相当于配置请求拦截器
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
        return null;
    }*/

	//配置乱码处理字符集为（UTF-8）
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[]{filter};
    }
}

4.创建SpringMvc控制器

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/save")
    @ResponseBody
    public String save(){
        System.out.println("user save ...");
        return "{'module':'springMvc'}";
    };
}