以time/gettimeofday系统调用为例分析ARM64 Linux 5.4.34

以time/gettimeofday系统调用为例分析ARM64 Linux 5.4.34

安装编译工具链

sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu
sudo apt install libncurses5-dev  build-essential git bison flex libssl-dev

制作根文件系统

• 编译busybox

wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2

tar -jxvf busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2

cd busybox-1.33.1
    
make menuconfig

export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-

make
make install

• 定制文件系统

cd _install

mkdir etc dev lib

cd etc
touch profile inittab fstab
mkdir init.d
touch init.d/rcS

vim profile
    
#!/bin/sh
export HOSTNAME=imingz
export USER=root
export HOME=/home
export PS1="[$USER@$HOSTNAME \W]\# "
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

vim inittab

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::respawn:-/bin/sh
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r

vim fstab
    
#device  mount-point    type     options   dump   fsck order
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0
kmod_mount /mnt 9p trans=virtio 0 0

vim init.d/rcS
    
mkdir -p /sys
mkdir -p /tmp
mkdir -p /proc
mkdir -p /mnt
/bin/mount -a
mkdir -p /dev/pts
mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s

• console : 将用户态的输出打印到串口上

sudo mknod console c 5 1

• 拷贝lib库，支持动态编译的应用程序运行：

编译内核

• 配置内核

make defconfig ARCH=arm64

vim .config

CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y 
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="./root"
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_UID=0
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID=0

sudo cp -r ../busybox-1.33.1/_install root
sudo mknod root/dev/console c 5 1

• 执行编译

make ARCH=arm64 Image -j8  CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-

启动qemu

• 下载qemu

sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev pkg-config libglib2.0-dev binutils-dev libboost-all-dev autoconf libtool libssl-dev libpixman-1-dev libpython-dev python-pip python-capstone virtualenv

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.1.tar.xz

tar -xf qemu-4.2.1.tar.xz

cd qemu-4.2.1

./configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu,x86_64-linux-user,arm-softmmu,arm-linux-user,aarch64-softmmu,aarch64-linux-user --enable-kvm

make 

sudo make install

• 启动linux内核

/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-aarch64 -m 512M -smp 4 -cpu cortex-a57 -machine virt -kernel ~/linux04/linux-5.4.34/arch/arm64/boot/Image -append "rdinit=/linuxrc nokaslr console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8" -nographic -s

sudo apt install gdb-multiarch

以 time/gettimeofday 系统调用为例分析 ARM64 Linux 5.4.34

// vim test.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
 
int main()
{
      time_t tt;
      struct timeval tv;
      struct tm *t;
#if 0
      gettimeofday(&tv,NULL); // 使用库函数的方式触发系统调用
#else
      asm volatile( // 使用内嵌汇编的方式触发系统调用
          "add   x0, x29, 16\n\t"  //X0寄存器用于传递参数&tv
          "mov   x1, #0x0\n\t"     //X1寄存器用于传递参数NULL
          "mov   x8, #0xa9\n\t"   //使用X8传递系统调用号169
          "svc   #0x0\n\t"            //触发系统调用
      );
#endif
      tt = tv.tv_sec;                    //tv是保存获取时间结果的结构体
      t = localtime(&tt);                //将世纪秒转换成对应的年月日时分秒
      printf("time: %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n",
             t->tm_year + 1900,
             t->tm_mon,
             t->tm_mday,
             t->tm_hour,
             t->tm_min,
             t->tm_sec);
      return 0;
}

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -o test test.c -static