py_rabbitmq-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44744457/article/details/130444895

安装

服务端

https://www.jianshu.com/p/2fb6d5ac17b9

客户端

pip install pika

文档

https://rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-one-python.html

简单示例

生产者

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
# 创建一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue="rb_queue_01")
channel.basic_publish(exchange="",
                      routing_key='rb_queue_01',
                      body='hello world3')
connection.close()

消费者

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue="rb_queue_01")
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(queue='rb_queue_01', auto_ack=True, on_message_callback=callback)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

ack

消息确认机制：确认消费了，移除队列

消费者

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue="rb_queue_01")
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("消费者接受任务：==>  %r" % body )
    # int('ffff')
    # ack回传,告诉服务端已经取走了
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_consume(queue='rb_queue_01', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

durable

服务端挂掉了, 声明队列时做持久化

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
# 创建一个队列 ,声明持久化
channel.queue_declare(queue="rb_queue_02", durable=True)
channel.basic_publish(exchange="",
                      routing_key='rb_queue_01',
                      body='ack',
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                      ))
connection.close()

闲置的就消费

消费者

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()


channel.queue_declare(queue="rb_queue_02")
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("消费者接受任务：==>  %r" % body)
    # int('ffff')
    # ack回传,告诉服务端已经取走了
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
# Work Queues
# 闲置的就派发
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue='rb_queue_01', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

发布订阅

https://rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-three-python.html

type = fanout

在这里插入图片描述

消费者（订阅者)

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
# 创建交换机,m1交换机名字
# fanout：将消息发送给所有的队列
channel.exchange_declare(exchange="m1", exchange_type="fanout")

# 声明队列,随机生成一个队列
result = channel.queue_declare(queue="", exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

# 绑定exchange和队列
channel.queue_bind(exchange='m1', queue=queue_name)

# 接收消息
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("消费者接受任务：==>  %r" % body)
    # int('ffff')
    # ack回传,告诉服务端已经取走了
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

# 闲置的就派发
# channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

发布者（消费者）

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
# 发布者先运行就创建
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='m1', exchange_type='fanout')
# routing_key为空，通过交换机而不是直接交付，一个发布到多个
channel.basic_publish(exchange="m1", routing_key="", body="hhsaf")

type = direct

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根据关键字不同交给不同的人

direct_发布者

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
# 发布者先运行就创建
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='m2', exchange_type='direct')
# routing_key为空，通过交换机而不是直接交付，一个发布到多个
channel.basic_publish(exchange="m2", routing_key="r2", body="r2")

direct_订阅者1

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
# 创建交换机,m1交换机名字
# fanout：将消息发送给所有的队列
channel.exchange_declare(exchange="m2", exchange_type="direct")

# 声明队列,随机生成一个队列
result = channel.queue_declare(queue="", exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

# 绑定exchange和队列, 加上routingkey, 交换机收到来自发布者的消息+routing_key， 然后通过消费者绑定的routing_key进行分发
channel.queue_bind(exchange='m2', queue=queue_name, routing_key="r1")
channel.queue_bind(exchange='m2', queue=queue_name, routing_key="r2")


# 接收消息
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("消费者接受任务：==>  %r" % body)
    # int('ffff')
    # ack回传,告诉服务端已经取走了
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

# 闲置的就派发
# channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

direct_订阅者2

import pika
import rabbitmq_study.settings as settings

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(settings.USER, settings.PASSWORD)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(settings.HOST, credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()
# 创建交换机,m1交换机名字
# fanout：将消息发送给所有的队列
channel.exchange_declare(exchange="m2", exchange_type="direct")

# 声明队列,随机生成一个队列
result = channel.queue_declare(queue="", exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

# 绑定exchange和队列, 加上routingkey, 交换机收到来自发布者的消息+routing_key， 然后通过消费者绑定的routing_key进行分发
channel.queue_bind(exchange='m2', queue=queue_name, routing_key="r1")

# 接收消息
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("消费者接受任务：==>  %r" % body)
    # int('ffff')
    # ack回传,告诉服务端已经取走了
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

# 闲置的就派发
# channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

type = topic

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路由模糊匹配

匹配规则

*：匹配一个单词（单词）
```
old.alex:
old.* 可以
old.# 可以
```

#：匹配多个单词

old.alex.ll:
old.* 不可以
old.# 可以

和direct一样，只不过改改模式和routingkey

RPC

远程过程调用

待补充

_consuming()


#### type = topic

[外链图片转存中...(img-14qQSLwu-1682781289112)]

路由模糊匹配

##### 匹配规则

- *：匹配一个单词（单词）

old.alex:
old.* 可以
old.# 可以




- #：匹配多个单词

old.alex.ll:
old.* 不可以
old.# 可以




和direct一样，只不过改改模式和routingkey

### RPC

**远程过程调用**

待补充