GUI编程详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 17:36:30 发布

阿尔奇

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 17:36:30 发布

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文章标签： gui 后端 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44758663/article/details/117901203

版权

1.简介

GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT
GUI缺点：

  1. 界面不美观
  2. 需要jre环境

为什么要学习GUI？

可以写出自己想要的工具。
实际工作中可能需要维护swing界面
了解MVC和监听。

2.AWT

2.1相关知识

介绍：包含了很多类和接口。用于图形界面编程。
元素：窗口、按钮、文本框
java里面的awt包
图片介绍：

2.2组件和容器

2.2.1 Frame窗口实现

单个窗口实现

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Frame窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame("一起来飞车2，等你来战");
        //设置窗口可见性  setVisible默认是false
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置窗口背景颜色  Color属性
        frame.setBackground(new Color(144, 41, 39));
        //设置窗口位置
        frame.setLocation(12,24);
        //设置窗口大小不变  setResizable默认是true
        frame.setResizable(false);

    }
}

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述

问题：运行的窗口无法关闭，只能通过关闭java运行机制。

多个窗口实现

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,300,300,Color.BLUE);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(400,100,300,300,Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,400,300,300,Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(400,400,300,300,Color.black);
    }
}


class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id=0;//可能存在多个窗口，就需要一个计数器解决
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("MyFrame+"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

运行效果如下：

在这里插入图片描述

2.2.2面板Panel

解决了关闭事件的问题：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

//panel 面板 不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //面板--布局
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //布局 默认为null
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //设置坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);

        //设置颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(148, 172, 219));

        //panel设置  相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(220, 42, 91));

        //添加
        frame.add(panel);

        //设置窗口可见
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置监听事件 监听窗口结束事件----->addWindowListener
        //适配器模式:
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed.
             * The close operation can be overridden at this point.
             *
             * @param e
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {//窗口关闭
               // super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述

2.2.3布局管理器

流式布局：从左到右

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//布局
public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //定义组件--->按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置大小
        frame.setSize(500,500);

        //设置布局  流式布局
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//居中  默认
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//左边
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//右边

        //添加组件-->按钮
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        //设置窗口可见
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //关闭
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed.
             * The close operation can be overridden at this point.
             *
             * @param e
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

东西南北中式布局

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(500,500);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            /**
             * Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed.
             * The close operation can be overridden at this point.
             *
             * @param e
             */
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

表格布局 Grid

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button b1 = new Button("b1");
        Button b2 = new Button("b2");
        Button b3 = new Button("b3");
        Button b4 = new Button("b4");
        Button b5 = new Button("b5");
        Button b6 = new Button("b6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3));

        frame.add(b1);
        frame.add(b2);
        frame.add(b3);
        frame.add(b4);
        frame.add(b5);
        frame.add(b6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数，可以自定义布局
        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

实践操作：
代码：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //总
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(220, 42, 91));
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));//表示全局观察  分为两个部分

        //面板
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //上面部分
        //两边
        panel1.add(new Button("east-01"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(new Button("west-01"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        //中间
        panel2.add(new Button("panel2-btu-01"));
        panel2.add(new Button("panel2-btu-02"));

        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下面部分
        //两边
        panel3.add(new Button("east-02"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(new Button("west-02"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        //中间部分面板
        for (int i = 1; i <=4 ; i++) {
            panel4.add(new Button("panel4-btu-0"+i));
        }
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //窗口添加面板
        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);

        //关闭窗口
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述

总结：

Frame是一个顶级窗口。
Panel无法单独操作，必须添加到某个容器中。
布局管理器。
基本属性大小、定位、背景颜色、监听。

2.2.4事件监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //定义按钮 触发事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);


        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();//自定义填充界面

        windowClose(frame);//关闭监听
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
//提取出来  监听结束事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("郭牛逼");
    }
}

2.2.5 文本框 TextField 监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestTextField {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //文本框  main方法应该只需要有启动功能即可
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
        windowClose(myFrame);
    }

    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
         //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下enter键 就会触发输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置替换编码 把输入框中的文字替换
        textField.setEchoChar('#');

        setBounds(200,400,500,500);
        setVisible(true);

        //pack();

    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field= (TextField) e.getSource();//获取一些资源  返回一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得文本框中的内容，输出在控制台上
        field.setText("");//不能是null 只可以使 ""
    }
}

简易计算器实践

基础代码：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        windowClose(calculator);
    }

    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    public Calculator(){
        TextField textField1 = new TextField(10);//加数
        TextField textField2 = new TextField(10);//被加数
        TextField textField3 = new TextField(20);//和

        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(textField1,textField2,textField3));

        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button);
        add(textField3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}


//监听事件
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    private TextField textField1,textField2,textField3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField textField1,TextField textField2,TextField textField3){
        this.textField1=textField1;
        this.textField2=textField2;
        this.textField3=textField3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取数值
        int parseInt1 = Integer.parseInt(textField1.getText());
        int parseInt2 = Integer.parseInt(textField2.getText());

        textField3.setText(""+(parseInt1+parseInt2));//计算结果

        textField1.setText("");//清除
        textField2.setText("");

    }
}

优化代码（组合、完全改造为面向对象写法）：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        calculator.loadFrame();
        windowClose(calculator);
    }

    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {

    //属性
    TextField textField1, textField2, textField3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame() {

        textField1 = new TextField(10);//加数
        textField2 = new TextField(10);//被加数
        textField3 = new TextField(20);//和
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button);
        add(textField3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
}

//监听事件
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器对象  在一个类中组合另一个类
    Calculator calculator=null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator=calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取数值
        int parseInt1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.textField1.getText());
        int parseInt2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.textField2.getText());

        calculator.textField3.setText(""+(parseInt1+parseInt2));//计算结果

        calculator.textField1.setText("");//清除
        calculator.textField2.setText("");

    }
}

内部类优化---->优点就是可以更好的、畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        calculator.loadFrame();
        windowClose(calculator);
    }

    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {

    //属性
    TextField textField1, textField2, textField3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame() {

        textField1 = new TextField(10);//加数
        textField2 = new TextField(10);//被加数
        textField3 = new TextField(20);//和
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button);
        add(textField3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
    //监听事件
   private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //获取数值
            int parseInt1 = Integer.parseInt(textField1.getText());
            int parseInt2 = Integer.parseInt(textField2.getText());

            textField3.setText(""+(parseInt1+parseInt2));//计算结果

            textField1.setText("");//清除
            textField2.setText("");

        }
    }
}

2.2.6 画笔

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//画笔
public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyPaint myPaint = new MyPaint();
        myPaint.loadFrame();
        windowClose(myPaint);
    }
    //监听事件 关闭
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{
//窗口
    public void loadFrame(){

        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //super.paint(g);
        //首先画笔要有颜色，其次要有画画   注意：每次结束画笔之后需要将图画还原为原来的颜色

        //g.setColor(Color.yellow);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);
        //g.setColor(Color.ORANGE);
        g.fillRect(200,200,300,200);
    }
}

2.2.7 鼠标监听

思路如下图：
在这里插入图片描述

代码如下：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame("画图");
        windowClose(myFrame);

    }
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//定义自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{

    //定义鼠标点数量的属性
    ArrayList points;

   public MyFrame(String string){
       super(string);
       setBounds(200,200,400,300);

       //存放鼠标的 "点"
        points = new ArrayList<>();

       setVisible(true);

       //鼠标监听器  对应窗口
       this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

   }
    //画图
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画 设置鼠标监听事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){

            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.pink);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }

    }
    //添加鼠标点
    public void addPoint(Point point){
       points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
          MyFrame frame= (MyFrame) e.getSource();//获取鼠标点的信息
          frame.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY())); //获取鼠标点的当前位置
          frame.repaint();//刷新  每一次点击鼠标就会刷新

        }
    }
}

2.2.8 窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBounds(100,200,400,300);
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setVisible(true);

      //  addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

       this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
           //匿名内部类
           @Override
           public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
              // super.windowClosing(e);
               System.out.println("关闭按钮");
               System.exit(0);
           }

           @Override
           public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
              // super.windowActivated(e);
               WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
               source.setTitle("激活成功");
               System.out.println("激活按钮");
           }
       });

    }
//    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
//        @Override
//        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//            setVisible(false);//通过点击按钮，隐藏窗口
//            System.exit(0);
//        }
//    }
}

2.2.9 键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        KeyFrame keyFrame = new KeyFrame();
        windowClose(keyFrame);
    }
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setVisible(true);

        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //按下键盘上的不同按钮机会产生不同的结果
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //首先要获取当前键盘要按下的键的值（ASCII码）
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(keyCode);//输出的是ASCII码值
                if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
                    System.out.println("你按下了下贱");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

3.Swing

3.1、窗口

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    public void init(){
        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
        jFrame.setBounds(100,100,200,300);
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setBackground(Color.yellow);

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎光临Grul");
        jFrame.add(jLabel);

        //关闭窗口
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

标签居中：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        MyJFrame myJFrame = new MyJFrame();
        myJFrame.init();
        myJFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}
class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(12,12,200,300);

        //设置一个标签
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎光临！");
        add(jLabel);//窗口添加
        //设置文本内容位置  居中对齐
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //获得一个容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);//设置容器颜色
    }
}

3.2、弹窗 Dialog

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {

    public DialogDemo() {
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //设置容器  存放东西
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //创建一个弹窗按钮
        JButton jButton = new JButton("这是一个弹窗按钮，你试试看");
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,400,50);

        //点击按钮 弹出弹窗
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //调用弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(jButton);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new DialogDemo();
    }
}

//设置一个弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        setVisible(true);
        //setBackground(Color.yellow);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);


        //container.add(new Label("老子带你学道德经"));
    }
}

3.3、标签

label标签

图标 ICON

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标  是一个接口需要实现类  Frame来继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {

    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){}//无参构造

    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(20,20);
        //把图标放在标签上 也可以放在按钮上   格式：自己命名+代码名称+位置
        JLabel label = new JLabel("肖像",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,500,400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new IconDemo().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

图片Icon

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;


public class ImageDemo1 extends JFrame {

    public ImageDemo1(){
        JLabel label = new JLabel("小事情");
        //获取图片的地址
       ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon("src/com/ggl/lesson04/ye.jpg");

        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageDemo1();
    }
}

3.4、面板

JPanel

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo  extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo() {

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数表示间距

        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));

        panel.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel.add(new JButton("3"));

        container.add(panel);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JScrollPanel

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10,20);
        textArea.setText("欢迎光临");
        //Scroll 面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,300);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5、按钮

图片按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将图片变成图标
        Icon imageIcon = new ImageIcon("src/com/ggl/lesson05/ye.jpg");
        JButton button = new JButton();

        button.setIcon(imageIcon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        container.add(button);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

单选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("迪迦");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("泰罗");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("欧布");

        //单选框进行分组才能在选择时是单项选择  分组之后，一组之中只能选一个
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);

        //添加到容器中
        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.NORTH);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //pack();

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

复选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("假面骑士空我");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("假面骑士电王");
        JCheckBox checkBox3 = new JCheckBox("假面骑士零一");
        

        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //pack();

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6、列表

下拉框
- 选择地区，或者一些单个选择

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class ComboBoxDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public ComboBoxDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //下拉框 JComboBox
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();

        comboBox.addItem(null);
        comboBox.addItem("热映中");
        comboBox.addItem("已停播");
        comboBox.addItem("已禁播");

        container.add(comboBox);


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ComboBoxDemo01();
    }
}

列表框
- 展示信息，一般是动态扩容。

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class ComboBoxDemo02 extends JFrame {

    public ComboBoxDemo02() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

       //生成列表中的内容  数组类型  静态添加
        //String[] contents={"1","2","3"};

        //不常用
        Vector contents = new Vector();
        //动态添加
        contents.add("迪迦");
        contents.add("泰迦");
        contents.add("泰罗");
        contents.add("赛文");
        contents.add("泽塔");

        //创建一个列表存放数据
        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jList);


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ComboBoxDemo02();
    }
}

3.7 文本框

文本框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TextDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TextDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world");

        container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
       // container.setLayout(null);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextDemo01();
    }
}

密码框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TextDemo02 extends JFrame {

    public TextDemo02() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        //面板  密码框
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');//设置密码不可见
        container.add(passwordField);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,700,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextDemo02();
    }
}

文本域

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10,20);
        textArea.setText("欢迎光临");
        //Scroll 面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,300);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

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GUI编程详解

1.简介GUI的核心技术：Swing AWTGUI缺点： 1. 界面不美观 2. 需要jre环境为什么要学习GUI？可以写出自己想要的工具。实际工作中可能需要维护swing界面了解MVC和监听。2.AWT2.1相关知识介绍：包含了很多类和接口。用于图形界面编程。元素：窗口、按钮、文本框java里面的awt包图片介绍：2.2组件和容器2.2.1 Frame窗口实现单个窗口实现import java.awt.*;//GUI的第一个界面public
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