JS变量基础知识

变量就是计算机存储数据的容器

变量声明和赋值

语法

 <script>
  let name = prompt('输入你的姓名')
  document.write(name)
</script>

交换2变量

<script>
  let num1 = 1
  let num2 = 2
  let temp = num1
  num1 = num2
  num2 = temp
  document.write(num1,num2)
</script>

let与var的区别

var 可以先使用再声明
var 声明过的变量可以重复声明

数组

<script>
  let num1 = [1,2,3,4]
  let name = ['张无忌','赵敏','周芷若','Boss',10]
  document.write(num1[0].toString(),name[0],name[4].valueOf())
</script>

字符串

‘’ ‘’, ’ ', ``
模板字符串

	<script>
	let age =18;
   console.log(`我今年${age}岁`)
   </script>

类型转换

隐式转换

<script>
   console.log(2+2)
   console.log(2+'2') //22
   console.log(2-'2') //0
   console.log(+'2')  //+2
   console.log(typeof '2') //string
   console.log(typeof +'2')//number
   console.log(+'2' +2) //4
 </script>

显示转换

<script>
   let str = '123'
   console.log(Number(str)) //123
   console.log(Number('hello')) //NaN
   console.log(parseInt('23hx'))//23
   console.log(parseInt('13.14'))//13
   console.log(parseInt('h123'))//NaN
   console.log(parseFloat('23hx'))//23
   console.log(parseFloat('13.14'))//13.14
   console.log(parseFloat('h12.13'))//NaN
 </script>

自增运算符

++i 和 i++
单行使用没区别
参与运算 ，++i先加后用，i++ 先用后加

 <script>
   let num = 1
   console.log(num++ + ++num +num)//1+3+3
 </script>

比较运算符

字符串比较：
从左往右比较ASCII码
比较运算符有隐式转换，会把’2’转换成2
涉及NaN的都是false

<script>
   // ==只判断值  ===全等判断数据类型和值
   console.log(2 == '2') //true
   console.log(undefined == NaN) //false
   console.log(2 ==='2') //false
   console.log(NaN === NaN) //false NaN不等于任何人
   console.log(2 !== '2') //true
   console.log(NaN !== NaN) //true
 </script>

逻辑运算符

&& || !

三元运算符

数字补0

 <script>
  let num = prompt('输入数字')
  num<10?alert(0 + num) :alert(num)
 </script>

99乘法表

 <script>
   for (let  i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
     for (let j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
       document.write(`${j}×${i} = `+i*j)
       document.write(' ')
     }
     document.write('</br>')
   }
   </script>

数组

数组求和

 <script>
  let arr = new Array(1,2,3,4,5,6)
  let sum = 0
  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    sum += arr[i]
  }
  document.write(`求和:${sum}`)
  document.write(`平均值:${sum/arr.length}`)
 </script>

数组最大值最小值

 <script>
  let arr = new Array(1,2,3,4,5,6,20,17,13)
  let max = arr[0]
  let min = arr[0]
  for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
    if(arr[i]>max){
        max =arr[i]
    }
    if(arr[i]<min){
      min = arr[i]
    }
  }
  document.write(`最大:${max}`)
  document.write(`最小:${min}`)
 </script>

数组新增

<script>
  let arr = new Array(1,2,3,4,5,6,20,17,13)
  arr.push(10,2) //添加到数组末尾
  arr.unshift(0,0) //添加到数组头
  document.write(arr)
 </script>

数组筛选

 <script>
  let arr = new Array(1,2,3,4,5,6,20,17,13)
  let newArr = []
  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    if(arr[i]>10){
      newArr.push(arr[i])
    }
  }
  document.write(newArr)
 </script>

数组删除

<script>
  let arr = new Array(1,2,3,4,5,6,20,17,13)
  arr.pop() //删除最后一个元素
  arr.shift() //删除第一元素
  arr.splice(0,1) //起始位置  删除几个
  document.write(arr)
 </script>

数组冒泡排序

 <script>
  let arr = new Array(1,2,3,4,7,5,10)
  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length -1 ; i++) {
    for (let j = 0; j < arr.length - i -1; j++) {
      if(arr[j]<arr[j+1]){
        let tmp = arr[j+1]
        arr[j+1] = arr[j]
        arr[j] = tmp
      }
    }
  }
  
  //升序
  arr.sort(function (a, b){
    return a - b
  })

  //降序
  arr.sort(function (a, b){
    return b - a
  })
  
 arr.sort(function (a, b){
    return -1 // >=0(升序)   <0(降序)
  })

  document.write(arr)
 </script>