索引的匹配方式有哪些？

create table staffs(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(24) not null default '' comment '姓名',
    age int not null default 0 comment '年龄',
    pos varchar(20) not null default '' comment '职位',
    add_time timestamp not null default current_timestamp comment '入职时间'
  ) charset utf8 comment '员工记录表';
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alter table staffs add index idx_nap(name, age, pos);

全值匹配
全值匹配指的是和索引中的所有列进行匹配
explain select * from staffs where name = ‘July’ and age = ‘23’ and pos = ‘dev’;

匹配最左前缀
只匹配前面的几列
explain select * from staffs where name = ‘July’ and age = ‘23’;
explain select * from staffs where name = ‘July’;

匹配列前缀
可以匹配某一列的值的开头部分
使用索引： explain select * from staffs where name like ‘J%’;
索引失效：explain select * from staffs where name like ‘%y’;

匹配范围值
可以查找某一个范围的数据
explain select * from staffs where name > ‘Mary’;

精确匹配某一列并范围匹配另外一列
可以查询第一列的全部和第二列的部分
explain select * from staffs where name = ‘July’ and age > 25;

只访问索引的查询
查询的时候只需要访问索引，不需要访问数据行，本质上就是覆盖索引
explain select name,age,pos from staffs where name = ‘July’ and age = 25 and pos = ‘dev’;