前端实现界面元素拖拽功能的三种方式(亲测有效)
一、纯HTML+CSS+JS实现;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="draggableDialog">
<div class="dialog-header">弹框标题</div>
<div class="dialog-content">弹框内容</div>
</div>
</body>
<style>
#draggableDialog {
position: absolute;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 10px;
}
.dialog-header {
cursor: move;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
<script>
const dialog = document.getElementById('draggableDialog');
const dialogHeader = dialog.querySelector('.dialog-header');
let isDragging = false;
let offsetX, offsetY;
dialogHeader.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
isDragging = true;
offsetX = e.clientX - dialog.offsetLeft;
offsetY = e.clientY - dialog.offsetTop;
});
document.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
if (isDragging) {
dialog.style.left = e.clientX - offsetX + 'px';
dialog.style.top = e.clientY - offsetY + 'px';
}
});
document.addEventListener('mouseup', () => {
isDragging = false;
});
</script>
</html>
实现原理:使用js事件监听,监听document全局DOM的鼠标移动事件,当触发事件后,目标元素将会随鼠标一起偏移(移动)相对应的距离;因目标元素并非一直需要跟随鼠标移动,于是通过给目标元素指定区域
dialogHeader
添加鼠标按下事件配合isDragging
控制阀,实现只有当鼠标在指定区域按下才能实现拖动目标元素的效果。
二、VUE模板实现;
<template>
<div id="draggableDialog" ref="dialog">
<div class="dialog-header" @mousedown="startDrag($event)">弹框标题</div>
<div class="dialog-content">弹框内容</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
isDragging: false,
offsetX: 0,
offsetY: 0
};
},
methods: {
startDrag(event) {
this.isDragging = true;
this.offsetX = event.clientX - this.$refs.dialog.offsetLeft;
this.offsetY = event.clientY - this.$refs.dialog.offsetTop;
document.addEventListener('mousemove', this.drag);
document.addEventListener('mouseup', this.stopDrag);
},
drag(event) {
if (this.isDragging) {
this.$refs.dialog.style.left = event.clientX - this.offsetX + 'px';
this.$refs.dialog.style.top = event.clientY - this.offsetY + 'px';
}
},
stopDrag() {
this.isDragging = false;
document.removeEventListener('mousemove', this.drag);
document.removeEventListener('mouseup', this.stopDrag);
}
}
};
</script>
<style>
#draggableDialog {
position: absolute;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 10px;
}
.dialog-header {
cursor: move;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
原理同上;
三、VUE全局指令实现;
Vue.directive('drag', {
bind(el) {
el.onmousedown = function(e) {
let disX = e.clientX - el.offsetLeft;
let disY = e.clientY - el.offsetTop;
document.onmousemove = function(e) {
let left = e.clientX - disX;
let top = e.clientY - disY;
if (left < 0) left = 0;
if (top < 0) top = 0;
if (left > document.documentElement.clientWidth - el.offsetWidth) left = document.documentElement.clientWidth - el.offsetWidth;
if (top > document.documentElement.clientHeight - el.offsetHeight) top = document.documentElement.clientHeight - el.offsetHeight;
el.style.left = left + 'px';
el.style.top = top + 'px';
};
document.onmouseup = function() {
document.onmousemove = null;
document.onmouseup = null;
};
};
}
});