SpringBoot 自动配置原理
1、SpringBoot自动配置版本号
org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:2.6.5
2、@EnableAutoConfiguration
在@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中,通过@Import注解先引入AutoConfigurationImportSelector类,在springboot启动时,会执行该类下的getAutoConfigurationEntry方法. 此方法是由AutoConfigurationImportSelector类中process方法所调用。
前置知识
通用配置文件加载类,指定的类型和类加载器,从根目录下中所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件中读取信息,并实例化对象(创建一个属性未赋值的对象,既只是一个刚new出来的对象)。
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(Class<T> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) 方法
a、getAutoConfigurationEntry 方法(加载配置信息)
// 传入的参数为启动类
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
// 判断启动类是否有添加@EnableAutoConfiguration注解,默认
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
}
// 返回该启动类上的@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中的属性,如果启动类上不存在该注解将抛出IllegalArgumentException异常
AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
// 返回应该考虑的自动配置类名
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
// 移除重复的类名
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
// 返回任何限制候选配置的排除类
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
// 检查无效的排除类,如果存在将抛出异常
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
// 从所有配置类中移除掉排除类
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
// 从所有配置类中移除掉不匹配的配置(AutoConfigurationImportFilter的过滤器类)
configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
// 初始化监听器
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
// 返回自动配置类
return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
b、isEnabled() 判断自动配置是否是开启,默认为开启,可通过配置文件设置spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration=false关闭,关闭后该启动类将返回一个空的自动配置对象(AutoConfigurationEntry)
protected boolean isEnabled(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
if (getClass() == AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) {
return getEnvironment().getProperty(EnableAutoConfiguration.ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY, Boolean.class, true);
}
return true;
}
c、getAttributes() (返回该启动类上的@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中的属性)
protected AnnotationAttributes getAttributes(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
String name = getAnnotationClass().getName();
AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationAttributes.fromMap(metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(name, true));
Assert.notNull(attributes, () -> "No auto-configuration attributes found. Is " + metadata.getClassName()
+ " annotated with " + ClassUtils.getShortName(name) + "?");
return attributes;
}
d、getCandidateConfigurations() (返回应该考虑的自动配置类名)
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
// 加载
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
loadFactoryNames() 方法能够根据接口获取其实现类类名的集合
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
if (classLoaderToUse == null) {
classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
}
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
// 获取根目录下所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件信息
return loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
loadSpringFactories() 获取根目录下所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件信息
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
// 根据类加载器获取该类加载器中类的信息
Map<String, List<String>> result = cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
result = new HashMap<>();
try {
// 通过类加载器,去搜索META-INF/spring.factories下的配置信息
// public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION);
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] factoryImplementationNames =
StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue());
for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) {
result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, key -> new ArrayList<>())
.add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
}
}
}
// Replace all lists with unmodifiable lists containing unique elements
result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> implementations.stream().distinct()
.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList)));
cache.put(classLoader, result);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
return result;
}
e、removeDuplicates(移除重复类型)
protected final <T> List<T> removeDuplicates(List<T> list) {
return new ArrayList<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(list));
}
f、getExclusions (返回任何限制候选配置的排除类)
/**
* 参数说明
* metadata: 启动类信息
* attributes:@EnableAutoConfiguration注解的属性信息(exclude,excludeName)
**/
protected Set<String> getExclusions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
Set<String> excluded = new LinkedHashSet<>();
// 添加exclude属性的排除项
excluded.addAll(asList(attributes, "exclude"));
// 添加excludeName属性的排除项
excluded.addAll(Arrays.asList(attributes.getStringArray("excludeName")));
// 添加yml等配置文件中spring.autoconfigure.exclude属性的排除项
excluded.addAll(getExcludeAutoConfigurationsProperty());
return excluded;
}
g、checkExcludedClasses (检查无效的排除类,如果存在将抛出异常)
private void checkExcludedClasses(List<String> configurations, Set<String> exclusions) {
List<String> invalidExcludes = new ArrayList<>(exclusions.size());
for (String exclusion : exclusions) {
// 如果排除类存在当前类加载器中,并且该排除类不在加载的配置类中,表示此类为无效排除类
if (ClassUtils.isPresent(exclusion, getClass().getClassLoader()) && !configurations.contains(exclusion)) {
invalidExcludes.add(exclusion);
}
}
// 如果存在无效类,系统将抛出IllegalStateException异常
if (!invalidExcludes.isEmpty()) {
handleInvalidExcludes(invalidExcludes);
}
}
h、getConfigurationClassFilter(获取过滤器的类)
从spring.factories配置文件中加载到三个过滤器类:
-
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition
加载判断“关于Bean有关”的类 -
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition
加载判断“关于Class对象有关”的类 -
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnWebApplicationCondition
加载判断“关于Web应用有关”的类
三个过滤器的加载顺序是: OnClassCondition -> OnWebApplicationCondition -> OnBeanCondition
private ConfigurationClassFilter getConfigurationClassFilter() {
if (this.configurationClassFilter == null) {
// 获取spring.factories配置文件中AutoConfigurationImportFilter类对应的类信息
List<AutoConfigurationImportFilter> filters = getAutoConfigurationImportFilters();
for (AutoConfigurationImportFilter filter : filters) {
// 初始化(给filter对象中的属性赋值)
invokeAwareMethods(filter);
}
this.configurationClassFilter = new ConfigurationClassFilter(this.beanClassLoader, filters);
}
return this.configurationClassFilter;
}
getAutoConfigurationImportFilters() 获取spring.factories配置文件中AutoConfigurationImportFilter类对应的类信息。
protected List<AutoConfigurationImportFilter> getAutoConfigurationImportFilters() {
// 通用工厂加载机制类。指定需获取的类和类加载器,从META-INF/spring.factories获取对应的类信息。
(实例化对象,对象中的属性只有默认值)
return SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(AutoConfigurationImportFilter.class, this.beanClassLoader);
}
i、 filter() 根据过滤器匹配满足条件的类(会从META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties中获取信息)
List<String> filter(List<String> configurations) {
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
String[] candidates = StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
boolean skipped = false;
for (AutoConfigurationImportFilter filter : this.filters) {
// 判断加载类是否满足条件(是否满足@Conditional的衍生类)
boolean[] match = filter.match(candidates, this.autoConfigurationMetadata);
for (int i = 0; i < match.length; i++) {
if (!match[i]) {
candidates[i] = null;
skipped = true;
}
}
}
if (!skipped) {
return configurations;
}
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(candidates.length);
for (String candidate : candidates) {
if (candidate != null) {
result.add(candidate);
}
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
int numberFiltered = configurations.size() - result.size();
logger.trace("Filtered " + numberFiltered + " auto configuration class in "
+ TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startTime) + " ms");
}
return result;
}
}
i、fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(初始化监听器)
private void fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(List<String> configurations, Set<String> exclusions) {
// 从META-INF/spring.factories配置文件中加载监听器(实例化,只创建了监听器对象,未对属性赋值)
List<AutoConfigurationImportListener> listeners = getAutoConfigurationImportListeners();
if (!listeners.isEmpty()) {
// 初始化监听器(为监听器的属性赋值)
AutoConfigurationImportEvent event = new AutoConfigurationImportEvent(this, configurations, exclusions);
for (AutoConfigurationImportListener listener : listeners) {
invokeAwareMethods(listener);
listener.onAutoConfigurationImportEvent(event);
}
}
}
3、自动配置的生效和修改
spring.factories文件中所有自动配置类,都必须在一定的条件下才会作为组件添加到容器中,配置的内容才会生效,这些限制条件在SpringBoot中以@Conditional派生注解形式体现。如下表
注解 | 生效条件 |
---|---|
@ConditionalOnJava | 应用使用指定的Java版本时生效 |
@ConditionalOnBean | 容器中存在指定的Bean时生效 |
@ConditionOnMissingBean | 容器中不存在指定的Bean时生效 |
@ConditionalOnExpression | 满足指定的SpEL表达式时生效 |
@ConditionalOnClass | 存在指定的Class类时生效 |
@ConditionalOnMissingClass | 不存在指定的Class类时生效 |
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 容器中只存在一个指定的 Bean 或这个 Bean 为首选 Bean 时生效 |
@ConditionalOnProperty | 系统指定属性存在指定的值时生效 |
@ConditionalOnResource | 类路径下存在指定的资源文件时生效 |
@ConditionalOnWebApplication | 当前应用是 web 应用时生效 |
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | 当前应用不是 web 应用生效 |
总结
自动配置总共分为以下几步骤
-
调用SpringBootApplication.run方法后,先在根目录下读取spring.factories配置文件,并将这些文件的信息添加到cache缓存中,以key为类加载器,value为自动配置信息存储。(方便之后使用)
-
然后执行AutoConfigurationImportSelector类中的process方法,读取自动配置信息。
-
先判断自动配置是否启动,默认是启动的,可通过配置文件配置spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration的启动状态,值为true/false
-
自动配置为启动状态,既:spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration=true,将获取@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中的属性,分别为exclude和excludeName,表示需要排除的类
-
加载spring.factories配置文件的信息,如果cache缓存中存在,就从缓存中获取,否则重新加载自动配置类
-
去除重复的自动配置类
-
获取所有排除类(有三个地方可配置排除类,@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中的属性的两个属性+配置yml属性spring.autoconfigure.exclude【数组】)
-
在所有自动配置类中去除排除类
-
获取自动配置过滤器,执行过滤器将不满足@Conditional衍生注解的类排除掉(先排除OnClassCondition类 -> OnWebApplicationCondition类 -> OnBeanCondition类)
-
加载自动配置监听器