时间类
- java.util.Date(基本废弃,Deprecated)
- getTime(),返回自1970.1.1以来的毫秒数
- java.sql.Date(和数据库对应的时间类)
- Calendar是目前程序中最常用的,但是是抽象类
- Calendar gc=Calendar.getInstance();(返回Calendar的子类GregorianCalendar实例)
- Calendar gc= new GregorianCalendar();
- 简单工厂模式
示例代码:
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
public class CalendarClassTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calendar gc = Calendar.getInstance();
System.out.println(gc.getClass().getName());
//Calendar.getInstance();返回的是GregorianCalendar对象
// Calendar.getInstance()和GregorianCalendar()效果一样的
GregorianCalendar gc2 = new GregorianCalendar();
System.out.println(gc2.getClass().getName());
}
}
Calendar类的主要函数:
- get(Field) 来获取时间中每个属性的值。注意,月份0~11。
- getTime(),返回相应的Date对象
- getTimeInMillis(),返回自1970.1.1以来的毫秒数
- set(Field) 设置时间段
- add(field,amount) 根据指定字段增加或减少时间
- roll(field,amount) 根据指定字段增加或减少时间,但不影响上一级的时间段
示例代码
import java.util.Calendar;
public class CalendarTest {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
public void test1() {
// 获取年
int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
// 获取月,这里需要需要月份的范围为0~11,因此获取月份的时候需要+1才是当前月份值
int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
// 获取日
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
// 获取时
int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR);
// int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); // 24小时表示
// 获取分
int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
// 获取秒
int second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);
// 星期,英语国家星期从星期日开始计算
int weekday = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
System.out.println("现在是" + year + "年" + month + "月" + day + "日" + hour
+ "时" + minute + "分" + second + "秒" + "星期" + weekday);
}
// 一年后的今天
public void test2() {
// 同理换成下个月的今天calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);
calendar.add(Calendar.YEAR, 1);
// 获取年
int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
// 获取月
int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
// 获取日
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println("一年后的今天:" + year + "年" + month + "月" + day + "日");
}
// 获取任意一个月的最后一天
public void test3() {
// 假设求6月的最后一天
int currentMonth = 6;
// 先求出7月份的第一天,实际中这里6为外部传递进来的currentMonth变量
// 1
calendar.set(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR), currentMonth, 1);
calendar.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);
// 获取日
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println("6月份的最后一天为" + day + "号");
}
// 设置日期
public void test4() {
calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2000);
System.out.println("现在是" + calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "年");
calendar.set(2020, 7, 8);
// 获取年
int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
// 获取月
int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1;
// 获取日
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println("现在是" + year + "年" + month + "月" + day + "日");
}
//add和roll的区别
public void test5() {
calendar.set(2020, 7, 8);
// add方法带进位减法
calendar.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -8);
// 获取年
int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
// 获取月
int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1;
// 获取日
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println("2020.8.8, 用add减少8天,现在是" + year + "." + month + "." + day);
calendar.set(2020, 7, 8);
// roll方法做加减法,只影响当前字段,不影响进位。
// 如下只将天数减去8天,但不影响月份,月份不减
calendar.roll(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -8);
// 获取年
year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
// 获取月
month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1;
// 获取日
day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.println("2020.8.8, 用roll减少8天,现在是" + year + "." + month + "." + day);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CalendarTest c = new CalendarTest();
c.test1();
System.out.println("============");
c.test2();
System.out.println("============");
c.test3();
System.out.println("============");
c.test4();
System.out.println("============");
c.test5();
}
}
Java 8推出新的时间API
- 旧的设计不好(重名的类、线程不安全)
- 新版本优点
- 不变性,适合在多线程环境下使用
- 遵循设计模式,设计的更好,可扩展性强
- java.time包:新的Java日期/时间API的基础包
- java.time包主要类
- LocalDate:日期类(负责日期,不管时间)
- LocalTime:时间类(时分秒-纳秒)
- LocalDateTime:LocalDate+LocalTime
- Instant:时间戳
- java.time包的四个子包:
- java.time.chrono包:为ISO的日历系统定义了一些泛化的API
- java.time.format包:格式化和解析日期时间对象的类
- java.time.temporal包:包含一些时态对象,可以用其找出关于日期/时间对象的某个特定日期或时间
- java.time.zone包:包含支持不同时区以及相关规则的类
java.time包示例代码
LocalDate类使用方法示例代码
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;
public class LocalDateExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//当前时间
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("Current Date="+today);
//根据指定时间创建LocalDate
LocalDate firstDay_2014 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.JANUARY, 1);
System.out.println("Specific Date="+firstDay_2014);
//给定错误时间参数,将报异常java.time.DateTimeException
//LocalDate feb29_2014 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.FEBRUARY, 29);
//可以更改时区
LocalDate todayBeijing = LocalDate.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));
System.out.println("Current Date in Shanghai="+todayBeijing);
//从纪元日01/01/1970开始365天
LocalDate dateFromBase = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(365);
System.out.println("365th day from base date= "+dateFromBase);
//2020年的第100天
LocalDate hundredDay2020 = LocalDate.ofYearDay(2020, 100);
System.out.println("100th day of 2020="+hundredDay2020);
}
}
LocalTime类使用方法示例代码
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
public class LocalTimeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//当前时间 时分秒 纳秒
LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("Current Time="+time);
//根据时分秒
LocalTime specificTime = LocalTime.of(12,20,25,40);
System.out.println("Specific Time of Day="+specificTime);
//错误的时间参数 将报DateTimeException
//LocalTime invalidTime = LocalTime.of(25,20);
//上海时间
LocalTime timeSH = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));
System.out.println("Current Time in SH="+timeSH);
//一天当中第几秒
LocalTime specificSecondTime = LocalTime.ofSecondOfDay(10000);
System.out.println("10000th second time= "+specificSecondTime);
}
}
LocalDateTime类使用方法示例:
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;
public class LocalDateTimeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//当前日期 时分秒
LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("Current DateTime="+today);
//根据日期, 时分秒来创建对象
today = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.now(), LocalTime.now());
System.out.println("Current DateTime="+today);
//指定具体时间来创建对象
LocalDateTime specificDate = LocalDateTime.of(2014, Month.JANUARY, 1, 10, 10, 30);
System.out.println("Specific Date="+specificDate);
//如时间不对,将报异常DateTimeException
//LocalDateTime feb29_2014 = LocalDateTime.of(2014, Month.FEBRUARY, 28, 25,1,1);
//上海时区
LocalDateTime todayShanghai = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));
System.out.println("Current Date in Shanghai="+todayShanghai);
//从01/01/1970 10000秒
LocalDateTime dateFromBase = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(10000, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
System.out.println("10000th second time from 01/01/1970= "+dateFromBase);
}
}
Instant类使用示例:
用来设定一个时间戳返回一个Date 对象
可以根据Instant返回到java.util.Date,然后可以和Calendar这个类进行互通。也就是说java 8里面time的时间(LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime)可以通过时间戳和以前的Calendar类等等进行交换。
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Date;
public class InstantExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//当前时间戳
Instant timestamp = Instant.now();
System.out.println("Current Timestamp = "+timestamp);
//从毫秒数来创建时间戳
Instant specificTime = Instant.ofEpochMilli(timestamp.toEpochMilli());
System.out.println("Specific Time = "+specificTime);
Date date = Date.from(timestamp);
System.out.println("current date = " + date);
}
}
综合前面知识示例:
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;
public class DateUtil {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
//判断是否是闰年
System.out.println("Year "+today.getYear()+" is Leap Year "+today.isLeapYear());
//今天和01/01/2015比较
System.out.println("Today is before 01/01/2015 "+today.isBefore(LocalDate.of(2015,1,1)));
//当前时分秒
System.out.println("Current Time="+today.atTime(LocalTime.now()));
//加减时间
//增加10天
System.out.println("10 days after today will be "+today.plusDays(10));
//增加3周
System.out.println("3 weeks after today will be "+today.plusWeeks(3));
//增加20个月
System.out.println("20 months after today will be "+today.plusMonths(20));
System.out.println("10 days before today will be "+today.minusDays(10));
System.out.println("3 weeks before today will be "+today.minusWeeks(3));
System.out.println("20 months before today will be "+today.minusMonths(20));
//调整时间
System.out.println("First date of this month= "+today.with(TemporalAdjusters.firstDayOfMonth()));
LocalDate lastDayOfYear = today.with(TemporalAdjusters.lastDayOfYear());
System.out.println("Last date of this year= "+lastDayOfYear);
//时间段计算
//计算今天到年底的时间
Period period = today.until(lastDayOfYear);
System.out.println("Period Format= "+period);
System.out.println("Months remaining in the year= "+period.getMonths());
}
}
注:当前很多程序还是使用Calendar类处理时间,所以要中的掌握Calendar类的用法